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D&T2 Exam 1 > Sleep Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are 3 criteria for sleep

A
  1. difficulty initiating and/or maintaining sleep. waking too early
  2. sleep difficulty persists even with adequate opportunity
  3. daytime complaints
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2
Q

what defines acute insomnia

A

less than 3 months duration

related to identifiable stressor

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3
Q

what are 5 inadequate sleep hygiene

A
  1. Irregular sleep schedule
  2. use of sleep disturbing substance before bedtime
  3. mentally or physically stimulating activities before bed
  4. Frequent use of bed or bedroom activities unrelated to sleep
  5. uncomfortable sleep envirnment
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4
Q

what is psychophysiological insomnia

A

learned sleep-preventing insomnia

- racing thoughts, anxiety

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5
Q

idiopathic insomnia when does it begin

A

infancy or early childhood

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6
Q

what might idiopathic insomnia be related to

A

ADHD

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7
Q

Paradoxical insomnia

A

normal EEG
overestimate time to fall asleep
underestimate total sleep time

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8
Q

what are some medical conditions assoicated with insomina

A

pulmonary
heart
depression, anxiety
caffeine

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9
Q

what happens to prevalence of insomnia with age

A

increases

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10
Q

what gender gets insomnia more

A

women

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11
Q

what is a clinical feature of insomnia

A

difficulty falling asleep greater than 30 min
staying sleep for less than 6 hours
on three or more nights per week
-DAYTIME SLEEPINESS

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12
Q

what are 2 situations in which they are not insomnia

A

short duration sleep ( no daytime complaints)

Sleep deprivation

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13
Q

obstructive sleep apnea

A

recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep

-associated with recurrent oxyhemoglobin desaturations

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14
Q

clinical features of obstructive sleep apnea

A

daytime sleepiness
sensation of choking
snoring

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15
Q

physical exam findings for obstructive sleep apnea

A

narrow airway
large neck
elevated blood pressure

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16
Q

treatment for obstructive sleep apnea

A

positive airway pressure therapy

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17
Q

how does doctor diagnose obstructive sleep apnea

A

polysomnography

asymptomatic: greater than 15 apneas
symptomatic: less than 15 apneas

18
Q

EEG moniters

A

sleep stages

19
Q

EOG electrooculography monitros

A

horizontal and vertical eye movements

onset of REM

20
Q

EMG electromyogrpahy monitors

A

atonia during REM
limb movements
effort during respiratory events

21
Q

Polysomnography monitors what

A

airflow

others: ecg, pulse oximetry

22
Q

what are risk factors for central sleep apnea

A 
age greater 65
men
heart failure 
stroke
long-acting opioid use
23
Q

clinical findings for central sleep apnea

A

daytime sleepiness

24
Q

how do you diagnose central sleep apnea

A

polysomnography

25
Q

treatment for central sleep apnea

A

positive airway pressure

treat underlying disorder

26
Q

Narcolepsy

A

disorder of sleep-wake control

27
Q

etiology of narcolespry

A

loss of orexin A and B signaling from hypothalamus

genetic factors

28
Q

role of Orexin A and B

A

stabilize wakefulness

prevent inappropriate transitions to REM or NREM sleep

29
Q

what genetic factor is present in patients with Narcolepsy

A

DQB1 0602 haplotype

30
Q

clinical feature of narcolepsy

A

daytime sleepiness: fall asleep throughout day with little warning

sleep paralysis: occur without falling asleep

cataplexy ( strong emotion/laughter)

hallucinations: occurs while falling asleep

31
Q

when do narcolepsy patients enter REM sleep, normal person

A

n: within 20 min
normal: 90 mins

32
Q

what diagnostic tool is sued for Narcolepsy

A

polysomnography

multiple sleep latency test (MSLT)

33
Q

what is multiple sleep latency test (MSLT)

A

subjects monitered while trying to fall asleep
sleep latency measured if less then 8 min–> narcolepsy
normal is 10-15 minutes
must occur at least 2 times

34
Q

Restless leg syndrome

A

spontaneous, continous leg movements

unpleasant paresthesias

35
Q

what relieve restless leg syndrome

A

movement

36
Q

what is related to secondary RLS associations

A

iron deficiency

end stage renal disease

37
Q

what is periodic limb movement of sleep

A

sudden jerking leg movements

38
Q

what is the difference between diagnosis of primary and secondary restless leg syndrome

A

primary: normal neurologic exam
secondary: abnormal neurologic exam
polysomnography not necessary

39
Q

clinical feature of shift work disorder

A

difficulty sleeping past noon

40
Q

traveling east to west is easier for who

A

individuals with sleep-wake cycle longer than 24 hours

D&T2 Exam 1 (22 decks)

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