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D&T2 Exam 1 > Sleep Drugs - Egleton > Flashcards

Sleep Drugs - Egleton Flashcards

1
Q

hypnotics

A

sleep induced drug

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2
Q

how long can a patient be put on hynotics

A

should not be sued for more than one month

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3
Q

transient insomnia

A

few days

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4
Q

short-term insomnia

A

several weeks

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5
Q

long term insomnia

A

greater than 3 weeks

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6
Q

name the 5 drugs of BDZ for sleep disorder

A 
Flurazepam
Temazepam
Triazolam 
Quazepam
Estazolam
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7
Q

what do BDZ do to sleep architecture

A

alters it

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8
Q

what is the net effect on sleep time for BDZ

A

increases

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9
Q

what will develop with long term use of BDZ

A

tolerance

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10
Q

Flurazepam reduces what

A

sleep induction time

number of awakening

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11
Q

what is the draw back of Flurazepam

A

long half life, daytime sedation

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12
Q

Temazepam is useful in patients who experience what

A

frequent wakening

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13
Q

when should Temazepam be given

A

1-2 hours before desired bedtime

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14
Q

Triazolam is used in what type of patients

A

recurring insomnia

-patients who have difficulty going to sleep

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15
Q

what is the recommended dosing for Triazolam

A

intermittently rather then daily b/c tolerance develops over a few days. withdrawal results in rebound insomnia

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16
Q

Zolpidem works on what receptors

A

BDZ

non-BDZ drug

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17
Q

why is Zolpidem perscribed more

A

perceives sleep structure

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18
Q

what receptor does Zaleplon attach to

A

BDZ

non-BDZ drug

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19
Q

what is Zaleplon used for

A

good for broken sleep

20
Q

what happens after 1 night of withdrawel of zaleplon

A

rebound insomnia but soon resolves

21
Q

compare the half life of Eszopicione and Zolpidem and Zaleplon

A

longer than Zolpidem and zalelpon

22
Q

What do Barbiturates do at low concentrations and high concentrations

A

low: depress CNS activity
high: depress activity of nerve, skeletal muscle, and smooth and cardiac muscle

23
Q

Mechanism of action of Barbiturates

A

open channel for longer periods compared to BDZ
Potentiate GABA action
increasing Cl‐ conductance

24
Q

which Barbiturates induces anesthesia

A

Thiopental

25
Q

what are BARBS effect on sleep

A

decrease time spent in 3 and 4 stages

decrease number of REM cycles

26
Q

what are respiration and cardiovascular effects of BARBS

A

depress neurogenic drive of respiration

minimal cardiovascular effects at hypnotic doses

27
Q

how does BRABS work at high doses

A

mimic GABA
depress Ca2+ currents and Ca2+ dependent release of
neurotransmitter

28
Q

what are hepatic side effects of BARBS

A

induction of hepatic enzymes

absolutely contraindicated for acute or intermittent porphyria

29
Q

you should not perscribe BRABS to what type of patients and why

A

crosses placenta and appears in breast milk

30
Q

BARBs produce no analgesia and may produce what in response to painful stimulation

A

hyperalgesia

31
Q

BARB can be used as what type of serum? name the drugs

A

truth serum
Amobarbital
Pentobarbital
thiopental

32
Q

is there an antidote for BARB

A

no

33
Q

what happens with chronic use of BARb

A

down regulates GABA receptors, increase cholinergic activity and elevates glutamate receptors
-potentially life threatening

34
Q

what is the mechanism of withdrawel for BARb

A

intense cholinergic activity
little GABA effect
EXCITMENT

35
Q

chloral hydrate + alcohol =

A

” knock out drop”

enhances effects of CNS depressants

36
Q

Diphenhydramine is also known as

A

Benadryl

37
Q

Diphenhydramine is an antagonist for what

A

histamine H1

38
Q

where is Melatonin synthezied

A

pineal gland from tryptophan

39
Q

MOA for ramelton

A

melatonin receptor agonist

40
Q

what is good about ramelton

A

minmal rebound insomnia

no abuse potential

41
Q

when is ramelton used

A

Sleep disorders when onset is delayed

42
Q

when is alcohol used as a treatment

A

Used in methanol or ethylene glycol intoxication due to greater affinity of alcohol
dehydrogenase for ethanol, resulting in a decrease in formation of toxic metabolites

43
Q

what is used to treat alcoholism

A

Disulfiram

- inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

44
Q

MOA of Naltrexone

A

opioid receptor antagonist

45
Q

Acamprosate is a structural analog for what

A

GABA

46
Q

what is the use for Modafinil

A

narcolepsy
shift work
obstructive sleep apnea

47
Q

what is the use for Gamma hydroxybutyrate

A

Cataplexy

disrupted night time sleep

D&T2 Exam 1 (22 decks)

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