Congenital Malformations of CNS Flashcards
what are the ectoderm derivatives
- Surface ectoderm
- neuro ectoderm
- -neural tube
- neural crest cells
what does the neural tube develop into
brain pineal gland posterior pituitary retina spinal cord
what happens in the third week of embryology
gastrulation
what does the notochord form
2 days after grastrulation
how does the notochord form
epiblast cells migrate cranially through primitive node to form midline cellular cord
what induces the ectoderm to differentiate? what does it differentitate into
notochord and prechordal plate
- neuroectoderm and from neural plate
what does the neural plate give rise to
neural tube
neural crest cells
what doe the notochord turn into in adults
nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk in adults
after grastulation, what composes of the ectoderm
epiblast
what happens in week 4 of neuro embryology
neurulation
what is neurulation
folding process that converts neural plate into hollow tube, descends into body wall, differentiate into brain and spinal cord
go through the process of how a neural plate becomes a hollow tube
- neural plate deepens in center to form neural groove
- neural groove bound by both sides by neural folds
- neural folds fuse to form neural tube
how does Neural tube attach to amniotic cavity
neuropores at anterior and posterior ends
when should the neuropores close by? if not?
end of 4th week?
neural tube defects
after neurulation in week 4, what develops at the anterior end of neural tube
mesencephalon
prosencephalon
rhombencephalon
what 5 vesicles form by the 6th week
diencephalon mesencephalon metencephalon myelencephalon telencephalon
Diencephalon is derived from what
prosencephalon
what are the derivatives of Diencephalon
epithalamus hypothalamus neural retina neurohypophysis subthalamus thalamus
what are the derivatives of the metencephalon
cerebellum Abducens (VI) part of facial (VII) trigeminal (V) vestibulococlear nerve (VIII) pons
what are the deriviatives for the Myelencephalon
medulla oblongata portions of Vestibularcochlear (VIII) glossopharyngeal ( IX) vagus ( X) accessory nerve ( XI) hypoglossal nerve ( XII)
what is the function of the vertebral column
- support weight of body
- protect spinal cord
- permitting movement of trunk
- provide muscle
name the regions of the spinal cord and how many vertebrae are in each
cervical 7 thoracic 12 lumbar 5 sacral 5 Coccyx 4 ( lower 3 fused)
what are the components of a vertebra for thoracic or upper lumbar
body
vertebral arch
what makes up the vertebral arch
pedicles which project from Laminae
what are the processes that come off the vertebra
4 articular
2 transverse
1 spinous
what provides articulations between adjacent vertebrae
superior and inferior articular processes
which processes provide attachment for muscles and ligmaents
transverse and spinous
how do spinal nerves and blood vessesl exit the vertebra
intervertebral foramina formed by superior and inferior vertebral notches
how are bodies of adjacent vertebra joined
intervertebral discs
