Rhabdoviridae Flashcards
How can one get Rhabdoviridae
aerosol droplets from bats
bite
where does Rhabdoviridae multiply in the body
neural and extraneural tissues
what is the genetic material for Rhabdoviridae
single stranded
non-segmented
negative polarity RNA
Rhabdoviridae virus has to carry what with it in its genome
RNA dependent- RNA polymerase = L + NS protein
what type of capsid does Rhabdoviridae have
helical nucleocapsid
what does Rhabdoviridae look like under the microscope
bullet-shaped
what is located on the Rhabdoviridae envelope and what does it due
glycoprotein G
- produces neutralizing Ab
- acts as a hemagglutinin
- inhibits cell processes
- target for producing vaccine
what are the 2 cell receptors for Rhabdoviridae
- nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
2. neural cell adhesion molecule
genome replication and transcription occurs where in the cell for rabies
cytoplasm
what are two events that must occur relative to the viral genomic RNA
transcription
genome replication
what makes Rhabdoviridae virus a bullet shape
viral progeny buds form a site of plasma membrane
- has G glycoprotein extending from it’s envelope on its outer surface
what are the 3 phases of rabies virus
incubation phase
prodromal phase
neurological phase
how long is incubation phase
prolonged to weeks to months
what are clinical symptoms for prodromal phase? what is happening during this phase
fever, malaise, headache, sore throat
viral transport called retrograde Axoplasmic
in prodromal phase of rabies where does the virus infect, replicate and travel to
infectes peripheral nerves
replicates in dorsal ganglia
travels up spinal cord to brain
what are the 2 stages in neurological phase
excitement stage
manic stage
what are clinical symptoms for neurological phase
infection of brain
descend to infect eye, glands and visceral organs
clinical symptoms for excitement stage
apprehension, fright, hydrophobia, fear of space- aerophobia
clinical symptoms for manic stage
convulsions, usually death
what is the number 1 source of rabies in US
bats
what is the number 1 source of rabies in the world
dogs
where is the virus found in the animal
saliva, CNS, urine, lymph, milk, blood
where is the virus during the incubation stage
multiply in muscle or connective tissue at the bite site and begins to move along the peripheral nerves
what does rabies destroy in the CNS
posterior horn
what virus destroys the anterior horn
polio
when do antibodies arise in the rabies infection
late in course, too late
what are 2 main ways a doctor can diagnose rabies
Negri bodies in cytoplasmic inclusion from brainstem of infected human
- detect virus from saliva, serum or corneal impression, skin and brain biopsies
- RT-PCR
- -direct immunofluoresence test of animal tissue
what is the gold standard diagnosis for rabiies
direct immunofluoresence test
when can the vaccine been given to a person who already has rabiess
during incubation period
what is semple
rabiesvirus infected nervous tissue vaccine
- inactivated with phenol
- 7-14 daily injections
- evokes allergic ecephalomyelitis complications
what is another vaccine for rabies? how many doses?
who usually gets it and why?
human diploid cell vaccine
5 doses
prophylactic for animal handlers
IM
how is Human diploid cell vaccine administered in adults and children, where should it not be given
adults: deltoid
children: anterolateral aspect of thigh or deltoid
not in gluteal muscle: too much fat not enough muscle
what absorbs the rabies vaccine absorbed
aluminum phosphate
what is the less expensive vaccine for rabies
Chick Embryo vaccine
what is the treatment of human bitten by rapid animal or expected rabid animal
- flush wound with soap and water
- day 0 inject 1/2 human rabies immune globulin directly into wound and inject 1/2 HRIG IM
- Day 0 give vaccine but not at site of bite. 5 doses
what viruses fall under the Filovirdiae family
Marbug virus
Ebola
clinical symptoms for Marburg virus
African hemorrhagic fever
liver
encephalitis
Marbug is found in what animal, how is it derived, and who usually gets infected with it
monkey
tissue culture cells
laboratory workers
what are some clinical features of Marbug and ebola
fever, abdominal pain
conjuctivitis
rash, diarrhea
what is the route of transmission for ebola
person to person
