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Molecular cell > Viral biology > Flashcards

Viral biology Flashcards

1
Q

what is a virus

A

‘DNA or RNA that is protected by a protein coat

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2
Q

size

A

25-300nm in size

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3
Q

consists of

A

RNA, DNA or both

–> double or single stranded

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4
Q

extracellular form

A

vision- protein encapsulated DNA or RNA

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5
Q

intracellular form

A

replication of DNA/RNA and proteins; assembly of virus

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6
Q

bacteriophages

A

virus which infects bacteria

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7
Q

mycophages

A

virus which infection animals, plants and fungi

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8
Q

virus’ are not

A

CELLS

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9
Q

virus particles

A

self -assemble

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10
Q

structure of a virus

A

protein coat which contains a few proteins that self assemble

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11
Q

proteins inside a virus known as

A

capsomers

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12
Q

protein coat known as

A

capsids

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13
Q

capsids

A

protect RNA/DNA of virus

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14
Q

virus’ can be ..

A

helical or icosahedral– determined by capsid

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15
Q

organisation of the virus particles

A

naked virus–> enveloped virus –>complex virus

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16
Q

naked virus

A
  • capsid
  • nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
  • enzymes (lysosomes, reverse transcriptase)
17
Q

enveloped virus

A
  • capsid
  • nucleic acid
  • enzymes
  • biomembranes- lipids from the host cell
  • enveloped proteins (from virus)
18
Q

complex virus

A
  • capsid
  • nucleic acid
  • enzymes
  • complex protein tail
19
Q

example of an enveloped virus

A
  • HIV- causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

- influenza

20
Q

example of a complex virus

A

T4 phage

21
Q

three ways in which virus’ enter a host cell

A

1) endocytosis
2) membrane fusion
3) injection

22
Q

endocytosis

A

the virus triggers clathrin-mediated endocytosis and enters the cell as a “trojan horse”

23
Q

membrane fusion

A

enveloped virus particles bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of host and forces membrane fusion

24
Q

injection

A

bacteriophages inject their genetic info and leave the rest of the virus particle behind

25
Q

virus particles can

A

move within infected cells

26
Q

how do virus’ move within cells

A
  • dependent on dynein

- virus particles move along microtubules

27
Q

viral particles move along

A

microtubules

28
Q

viral replication requires

A

microtubules and F-actin

29
Q

bi-directional motility

A

at around 2.5 um/s

30
Q

spreading of released virus’

A

-smaller droplets can remain airborne for hours or even days

31
Q

in public envionment

A

16,000 viruses/ cubic metre of air

32
Q

release of an enveloped virus

A

1) transcription of viral RNA/DNA
2) translation
3) assembly
4) budding at C>S>M
5) release

33
Q

life cycle of an enveloped virus

A

1) enveloped virus fuses with the membrane
2) enveloped into a clathrin pit in the cell and move towards the nucleus via molecular motors and microtubules
3) enveloped virus then releases content
4) nucleic acid goes into the nucleus and is replicated, transcribed and translated
5) new virus’ form which are then exocytosed from the cell- this process enveloped the virus

34
Q

life cycle of a bacteriophae

A

1) virus attaches to the surface receptors
2) tails contracts, lytic enzymes break the wall and the core needle pinches the cell
3) the content of the head (proteins, DNA/RNA) is released into the cell
4) bacterial metabolism is disrupted and the genomic DNA degraded
5) Viral DNA is replicated and viral DNA is transcribed into mRNA-
6) mRNA is translated into viral proteins
- complex virus particle self-assembles inside the host
7) 50-100 phages assemble in infected cell
- lytic proteins (lysosomes) disintegrate the cell and release the phages

35
Q

T4 bacteriophage

A
  • conists of 25 structural proteins nd double stranded DNA

- injection apparatus

36
Q

which proteins cause apoptosis of virus

A

lysosomes disintegrates the cell and releases the phages

Molecular cell (21 decks)

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