Mitochondria and apoptosis Flashcards
mitochondrial membrane
double- with inner membrane fold
what are the inner membrane folds called
cristae
mitochondrial DNA
has its own separate to the DNAs
kinetoplasts
a mass of mitochondrial DNA lying close to the nucleus in some flagellate protozoa.
human mitochondria
16,600 nucleotides
37 genes
13 polypeptides
respiration chain and ATP synthesis
22 tRNAs
how many nucleotides
16,600
how many genes
37
how many polypeptides
13
how many tRNAs
22
mitochondria
are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell. The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration.
ATP synthase
converts energy of the proton gradient into chemical bond energy
which organelles are acidified by ATP pumps
endosomes and lysosomes
energy making process of mitochondria
1) uptake of food molecules- from the cytosol into the mitochondria matrix- turned into acetyl CoA
2) oxidation of Acetyl coA into carbon dioxide in the kreb cycle. Production of electrons and NADH
3) NADH transfers the electrons tot he electron transfer chain in the inner men; electron flux is used to build up proton gradient
4) back flow of protons drives ATP synthesis
kreb cycle also known as
the citric acid cycle
apoptosis is
‘programmed cell death’
- a mechanism by which cells die in a controlled way, followed by recycling of their building blocks
