fungal cell biology

Question 1

fungi are essential for

Answer 1

plant survival

Question 2

two major forms of fungi growth

Answer 2

yeast and hyphae

Question 3

over 95% of all angiosperm plants

Answer 3

form mycorrhizal symbiosis with fungi

Question 4

mycorrhizal symbiosis

Answer 4

symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular host plant.[

Question 5

yeast

Answer 5

uni-cellular and round–> grow via budding

Question 6

hypha; cells

Answer 6

multi-cellular and elongated –> grow via extension

Question 7

dimorphic fungi grow as both

Answer 7

years and hyphae

Question 8

septa pore

Answer 8

allows communication between hyphae in hyphen cell

Question 9

hyphae growing

Answer 9

grow based on gradient of secretion –> if there is more growth material at one end it will grow in that direction

Question 10

some hyphae will have no

Answer 10

septa

Question 11

fungal grown requires

Answer 11

delivery of vesicles to the growth region

Question 12

what supports growth

Answer 12

the cytoskeleton–> transport towards the bud or the hyphae tip

Question 13

what support motility

Answer 13

fungal motors–> dyne and kinesin

Question 14

movement occurs via

Answer 14

actin and microtubule

Question 15

actin and microtubules also help to

Answer 15

shape the fungi

Question 16

long transport occurs along

Answer 16

microtubules

Question 17

actin patches are involved in

Answer 17

endocytosis

Question 18

what transport material into the bud

Answer 18

myosin 5 motors via continuous secretion- isotropic growth

Question 19

fungal spitzenkorper

Answer 19

used in hyphae growth

-consists of vesicles and determines where hypha grows.

Question 20

spitzenkorper known as the

Answer 20

vesicle supply centre – the vesicles are released and fuse with he plasma membrane

Question 21

what type of secretory vesicles in a spitzenkorper

Answer 21

secretory and endocytic recycling vesicles

Question 22

what determines hyphae growth

Answer 22

the rate of vesicle release and motility §of the spitzenkorper

Question 23

steps of the spitzenkorper

Answer 23

1) transport along the cytoskeleton
2) storage of vesicle in spitzenkorper
3) release and fusion with plasma membrane

Question 24

woronin bodies

Answer 24

a peroxisome derived, dense core micro body with a unit membrane found near the septa that divide hyphae compartments in filamentous ascomycota

Question 25

where are woronin bodies found

Answer 25

filamentous ascomycota

Question 26

problem of multi-cellularity

Answer 26

concerns of maintenance of cooperation among the components off individual organism

Question 27

years and single cellularity

Answer 27

when one cell dies, no other dies

Question 28

hyphae and multi cellularity

Answer 28

when one cell of the hyphae dies, all cells die

Question 29

how do hyphae cells get isolated so that not all die

Answer 29

woronin bodies

Question 30

who first described woronin bodies

Answer 30

mycologist M.Woronin 1864

Question 31

where are woronin bodies concentrated

Answer 31

around the septal pore

Question 32

specialised peroxisomes

Answer 32

woronin bodies that plug the septa in filamentous ascomycetes

Question 33

woronin bodies form by the self assembly of

Answer 33

the protein Hex1--> when the cell gets wounded

Question 34

mushrooms release spores for

Answer 34

reproduction

Question 35

why is a mechanism of spore discharge needed in basidiomycetes

Answer 35

there is no wind in the gills

Question 36

mechanism of spore discharge in basidiomycetes

Answer 36

1) basidiospore sits on sterigmas 2) two water droplets form due tot he secretion of mannitol and other hydroscopic sugars on the surface of the spore 3) Bullers drip increases in size due to recruitment of atmospheric water 4) sudden change in gravity by fusion of both drops create a propulsive force 5) forces the spore to fall off the sterigma

Question 37

spore distribution by Bullers droplet

Answer 37

max a few mm - speed up to 1.8m/s - acceleration 9000x faster than a sports car

Question 38

Turgor

Answer 38

method of spore discharge--> pressure builds up to 100-700 in the sporangium --> shooting distance can be up to 2m

Question 39

spore distribution by rains plash in

Answer 39

basidiomycetes