past papers Flashcards
flagella and cilia are
basal bodies and have axonemes (arrays of microtubules)
lamins are found
in the middle of 2 nuclear bilayers of nuclear envelope
woronin
peroxisome
mitochondrial proteins are encoded by
mitochondrial DNA as well as genomic DNA
cholesterol
involved in the formation of sex hormones, is a precursors of a vitamin and modifies the fluidity of membranes
nucleoloids are only found
in prokaryotes
what is the three domains of life theory based on
rRNA sequence
electron microscopes can be used to visualise
cells, tissues, organisms, organelles, viruses and molecules
protocell only contained
lipid bilayer, RNA and ribozymes
microtubules
- chromosome segregation
- cell motility of ciliate protista
- long distance axonal transport
microtubule dependent molecular motors
dyenin and kinesis
fungal cytoskeleton consists of
F-actin, microtubules and sephins (no intermediate filament)
virus’ contain
DNA/RNA and protein capsid
plasmodesmata
cell-cell contacts win plant cells which mediate exchange between cells
mitochondria and chloroplasts similarities
double membrane, circular DNA, endosymbiont theory, 70s ribosomes
70s ribosomes
(50s and 30s)
chloroplast proteins coded for by
chloroplast DNA and genomic DNA
Robert Hooke introduced the term “cell” in Micrographia when looking at
plants and fly eye
microtubules are … and made out of …. protofilaments
hollow
13
primary cilium
structures that take part in cellular signalling
intermediate filament function
mechanical support to resist external forces
Bio-membranes show the following features
i) They consist of two layers of amphipathic lipids
ii) They form spontaneously due to their hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts iii) They provide an semi-liquid environment for proteins
iv) They surround transport vesicles
v) They define compartments in the cell
Cell-cell connections in animal epithelial cells serve the following functions
i) Allowing the diffusion of ions and water between cells ii) Organize the actin cytoskeleton
iii) Limiting diffusion between cells and over the epithelium iv) Anchoring intermediate filaments
v) Connecting to the extracellular matrix
MamK forms
filaments
MreB and MdI1 are
involved in bacterial morphogenesis
FtsZ
- A function for the tubulin homologues FtsZ is cell separation (-cytokinesis) in prokaryotes
ParM
ParM filaments segregate plasmids
- ParR bidns to the centromeric DNA sequence (ParC)
- ParM polymerizes and binds to ParR
- filament elongation separates the plasmid
cell division in bacteria
which protein is not part f the fungal cytoskeleton
intermediate filaments
the woronin body
a peroxisomal structure that closes septa upon damage of fungal cells
39) Which of the following subcellular structures are NOT found in eukaryotes?
a) Nuclei
b) Nucleoids
c) Nucleoli
d) Nucleasomes
e) Nuclear envelopes
nucleoids
nuceloids
nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material, called genophore. In contrast to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, it is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
what was hooke looking at when he coined the phrase cell
he was looking at a cork (dead PLANT material)
what makes a protocell
lipid membrane, RNA and ribozymes (RNA replicase)
which jellyfish does GFP come from
Aequorea victoria
phospholipids bud from
ER
polysome
a cluster of ribosomes held together by a stoma of mRNA which each is translating
process of transport vesicle fusing with a target membrane
tethering, doing and fusion
structure of a microtubule
made from tubular dimers (alpha and beta tubular). Hollow tubule consisting of 13 protofilaments
role of F-actin
cytokinesis and cell migration
function of intermediate filaments
mechanical strength
which of the following is not part of the prokaryotic actin family:
FtsZ, MamK, Mbl, mreB
FtsZ- tubular dimer homologue??
cell division in bacteria is mediated by
FtsZ
