past papers

Question 1

flagella and cilia are

Answer 1

basal bodies and have axonemes (arrays of microtubules)

Question 2

lamins are found

Answer 2

in the middle of 2 nuclear bilayers of nuclear envelope

Question 3

woronin

Answer 3

peroxisome

Question 4

mitochondrial proteins are encoded by

Answer 4

mitochondrial DNA as well as genomic DNA

Question 5

cholesterol

Answer 5

involved in the formation of sex hormones, is a precursors of a vitamin and modifies the fluidity of membranes

Question 6

nucleoloids are only found

Answer 6

in prokaryotes

Question 7

what is the three domains of life theory based on

Answer 7

rRNA sequence

Question 8

electron microscopes can be used to visualise

Answer 8

cells, tissues, organisms, organelles, viruses and molecules

Question 9

protocell only contained

Answer 9

lipid bilayer, RNA and ribozymes

Question 10

microtubules

Answer 10

• chromosome segregation
• cell motility of ciliate protista
• long distance axonal transport

Question 11

microtubule dependent molecular motors

Answer 11

dyenin and kinesis

Question 12

fungal cytoskeleton consists of

Answer 12

F-actin, microtubules and sephins (no intermediate filament)

Question 13

virus’ contain

Answer 13

DNA/RNA and protein capsid

Question 14

plasmodesmata

Answer 14

cell-cell contacts win plant cells which mediate exchange between cells

Question 15

mitochondria and chloroplasts similarities

Answer 15

double membrane, circular DNA, endosymbiont theory, 70s ribosomes

Question 16

70s ribosomes

Answer 16

(50s and 30s)

Question 17

chloroplast proteins coded for by

Answer 17

chloroplast DNA and genomic DNA

Question 18

Robert Hooke introduced the term “cell” in Micrographia when looking at

Answer 18

plants and fly eye

Question 19

microtubules are … and made out of …. protofilaments

Answer 19

hollow

13

Question 20

primary cilium

Answer 20

structures that take part in cellular signalling

Question 21

intermediate filament function

Answer 21

mechanical support to resist external forces

Question 22

Bio-membranes show the following features

Answer 22

i) They consist of two layers of amphipathic lipids
ii) They form spontaneously due to their hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts iii) They provide an semi-liquid environment for proteins
iv) They surround transport vesicles
v) They define compartments in the cell

Question 23

Cell-cell connections in animal epithelial cells serve the following functions

Answer 23

i) Allowing the diffusion of ions and water between cells ii) Organize the actin cytoskeleton
iii) Limiting diffusion between cells and over the epithelium iv) Anchoring intermediate filaments
v) Connecting to the extracellular matrix

Question 24

MamK forms

Answer 24

filaments

Question 25

MreB and MdI1 are

Answer 25

involved in bacterial morphogenesis

Question 26

FtsZ

Answer 26

- A function for the tubulin homologues FtsZ is cell separation (-cytokinesis) in prokaryotes

Question 27

ParM

Answer 27

ParM filaments segregate plasmids - ParR bidns to the centromeric DNA sequence (ParC) - ParM polymerizes and binds to ParR - filament elongation separates the plasmid cell division in bacteria

Question 28

which protein is not part f the fungal cytoskeleton

Answer 28

intermediate filaments

Question 29

the woronin body

Answer 29

a peroxisomal structure that closes septa upon damage of fungal cells

Question 30

39) Which of the following subcellular structures are NOT found in eukaryotes? a) Nuclei b) Nucleoids c) Nucleoli d) Nucleasomes e) Nuclear envelopes

Answer 30

nucleoids

Question 31

nuceloids

Answer 31

nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly shaped region within the cell of a prokaryote that contains all or most of the genetic material, called genophore. In contrast to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, it is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

Question 32

what was hooke looking at when he coined the phrase cell

Answer 32

he was looking at a cork (dead PLANT material)

Question 33

what makes a protocell

Answer 33

lipid membrane, RNA and ribozymes (RNA replicase)

Question 34

which jellyfish does GFP come from

Answer 34

Aequorea victoria

Question 35

phospholipids bud from

Answer 35

ER

Question 36

polysome

Answer 36

a cluster of ribosomes held together by a stoma of mRNA which each is translating

Question 37

process of transport vesicle fusing with a target membrane

Answer 37

tethering, doing and fusion

Question 38

structure of a microtubule

Answer 38

made from tubular dimers (alpha and beta tubular). Hollow tubule consisting of 13 protofilaments

Question 39

role of F-actin

Answer 39

cytokinesis and cell migration

Question 40

function of intermediate filaments

Answer 40

mechanical strength

Question 41

which of the following is not part of the prokaryotic actin family: FtsZ, MamK, Mbl, mreB

Answer 41

FtsZ- tubular dimer homologue??

Question 42

cell division in bacteria is mediated by

Answer 42

FtsZ