organisatory principles

Question 1

proton gradient serves multiple functions

Answer 1

• electron flow in the membrane is used to build up a proton gradient
• a proton gradient over thylakoid and inner mitochondrial mem. generates ATP

Question 2

the FoF1 synthase can

Answer 2

consume ATP to generate a proton gradient

Question 3

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic differences organize the cell

Answer 3

o many molecules are amphipathic (have hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts0
o elongating actin polymers is used to create movement
1. phospholipids form membrane bilayers, which provide the basis for the formation of specialize compartments
2. proteins are usually amphiphatic the hydrophobic area in the centre of the protein allow insertion into the bi-layer

Question 4

microtubule organisation directs secretion

Answer 4

o Motor proteins recognize the polarity of the microtubules

o The organization of microtubules determine where exocytosis occurs

Question 5

Actin or actin like polymerisation pushes cargo forward

Answer 5

o polymerization of G-actin into F actin depends on ATP
o the elongating actin polymer creates movement
1. pushing the plasma mem. forward during cell migration
2. pushing endocytic vesicles in to the cell
3. pushing cytosolic baceroa or viruses from cell to cell
4. pushing circular geomes apart during bacterial mitosis