introduction to cell

Question 1

what book did robert hooke write

Answer 1

micrograpgia

Question 2

hooke famous for

Answer 2

comparing monks cells to cork cell –> responsible for giving the name cell to cell

Question 3

antony van leeuwenhoek

Answer 3

discovered bacteria, free living persistc microscopic protists, sperm cells and muscle fbres

Question 4

basic features of the cell

Answer 4

1) all cells come from pre-existing cells by division
2) cells contain hereditary info which is passed on
3) all cells are basically the same chemical composition
4) all energy flow of life occurs within cells

Question 5

cell theory by matthias schlseiden and theodor schwann

Answer 5

1) cell is the unit structure, physiology and organisation in living things
2) the cll retains a duel existence as a distinct entity and a building block in the construction of organisms
3) cells form by free-cell formation similar to formation of crystal (spontaneous generation)

Question 6

which part of schleidens and schwas theory was wrong

Answer 6

spontaneous generation

Question 7

rudolph virchow

Answer 7

all cells arise from pre-existing cells

Question 8

cells are very small

Answer 8

a pearl string of 20,000,000 ribosomes makes 1 metern

Question 9

mitochondria bigger than ribosomes

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

virus bigger than haemoglobubulin

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

how many cells in the human body

Answer 11

10^14

Question 12

common features of all cells

Answer 12

1) cell gather material from the environment and duplicate
2)info is stored and inherited by DNA
3)info is partially transcribed into an intermediate form (RNA)
4)RNA serves for construction of proteins (translation)
5)proteins ar molecules that put genetic info into action
60all cells are enclosed by a plasma membrane which material must pass

Question 13

5 kingdoms classification of life

Answer 13

plantae fungi animalia protsig prokaryoten(monera)

Question 14

three domain classification life

Answer 14

archaea
eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells

Question 15

carl woese

Answer 15

introduced archaea

Question 16

eukaryotic cells do not have

Answer 16

a cell wall or any chloroplasts

Question 17

differences between five kingdoms

Answer 17

animal and protozoa are only cells without cell wall and plant cells are the only ones with chloroplasts. Fonera have free DNA in the form of a plasmid

Question 18

when was the solar system formed

Answer 18

4.5 million ya

Question 19

between 4 and 3.5 billion years ago..

Answer 19

development of first cell

Question 20

3 billion ya

Answer 20

phosyntheis developed in cyanobacteria, therefore must have been oxygen in atmosphere

Question 21

homo sapiens developed

Answer 21

around 0.4-0.25 may

Question 22

prostista

Answer 22

kingdom that comprises mostly of single celled organisms such as protozoa and simple algae

Question 23

monera

Answer 23

taxonomic kingdom which included prokaryotic organisms, which are organism which don’t have a nucleus.

Question 24

how ar organic molecules thought to have been formed

Answer 24

atmospheric conditions e.g. formaldehyde from the air due to lightening and sugars from water reservoirs

Question 25

charles darwin

Answer 25

‘But if we could conceive in some warm little pond with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts, heat, electricity present, that a protein compound was chemically formed, ready to undergo still more complex changes’

Question 26

francis cricks central dogma

Answer 26

3 molecules interact to pass on detailed info

DNA–> transcription –> RNA –> translation–> protein

Question 27

RNA and enzymatic activity

Answer 27

single stranded ran can fold and form molecules that catalyse chemical reactions

Question 28

a catalytic ran molecule is called a

Answer 28

ribozyme rRNA

Question 29

riboeznymes consists of

Answer 29

proteins and RNA a

–> ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins

Question 30

enzymatic activity of ribsosomes depends

Answer 30

on the RNA part of the ribosome

Question 31

RNA world hypothesis

Answer 31

RNA was at the origin of life–> stored genetic info and catalysed chemical reactions

Question 32

proof of RNA hypothesis

Answer 32

building blocks of RNA can be formed under ‘early earth’ conditions

Question 33

ribonucleotides can be formed from

Answer 33

–> reactive cyanide, cyanoacetylene, glycoaldehyde, glyceraldehyde and inorganic phosphate

Question 34

replicase

Answer 34

an enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule using an RNA template.

Question 35

replicase ribozymes could produce new replicases

Answer 35

step 1: the ribozyme replicase an unfolded RNA strand of another replicase molecule
step 2: at high temperature, both trans separate, one fold into a new replicase, one serves as a template for further synthesis

Question 36

on clay surfaces

Answer 36

RNA chains can spontaneously polymerise

Question 37

monera and archaea do not have

Answer 37

an endomembrane system