Vinification Flashcards
What flavours does intracellular fermentation add to a wine (ICF)
forms volatile esters = ethyl cinnamate (raspberry/strawberry notes) and eugenol (spice - white pepper)
What is a feuillette and where is it used?
A 132l Barrel used in Chablis
How is the the Barrel of 132l called in Chablis?
Feuillette
What is grès?
Amphorae glace earthenware called Grès
What is dodinage?
Battonage in redwines, even though its not used very often.
to nourish the wine, fills out mid palette
What is THD?
Tetra-hydro-pyridine - molecule causing mousiness in wine
What is Azote?
French term for Nitrogen
What does 3MH mean in Sauvignon?
volatile thiol = 3-mercapto-hexanol (3MH) detected as Gooseberry & Passionfruit in NZ Sauvignon
What grape are these wines dominated by?
Villa Maria’s Ngakirikiri, Destiny Bay’s Magna Praemia, and Stonyridge’s Larose.
High End Cabernet Sauvignon
Name the regions of the North Island NZ north to south.
Northland
Auckland
Waikato / Bay of Plenty
Gisborne
Hawkes Bay
Wairarapa
Name the regions of the South Island NZ North to South
Nelson
Marlborough
North Canterbury
Waitaki Valley / North Otago
Central Otago
Which is the smallest region in NZ as per hectar
Waikato / Bay of Plenty
Name the NZ Regions smallest to largest hectarage.
Waikato / Bay of Plenty 12ha
Waitaki Valley 59ha
Northland 71ha
Auckland 319ha
Wairarapa 1039
Nelson 1102ha
Gisborne 1191ha
North Canterbury 1369ha
Central Otago 1930ha
Hawkes bay 5034ha
Marlborough 27808ha
What is Geosmin exactly?
Microbial fault
smells earthy and musty
produced by penicillium expansum
What acid represents Volatile acidity?
Acetic Acid
What does “Ramato” mean on a bottle of wine?
Skin contact Pinot Grigio in Friuli
What is a Rachis?
The axes/stem that is holding the cluster of berries of a grape bunch
Who discovered that yeast is responsible for fermentation to take place and when?
Louis Pasteur 1857
When was the Malolactic Bacteria discovered?
1950s by Emile Peynaud, Brad Webb and Portoguese at similar times
Name vitis used for winemaking other than Vinifera
Rupestris
Riparia
Berlandieri
Labrusca - NY State
Aestivalis - NY State
Muscadinia rotundifolia
Amurensis - China
How many grape varieties are in the world, a rough figure and how many are in commercial use?
10000
approx 1400 used commercially
What are the 2 sugar types found in grapes?
Glucose and Fructose
plus unfermentable sugars
Why do yeasts struggle to ferment high sugar grapes ie Eiswein grapes
Yeasts easy digest Glucose
they struggle to digest Fructose, which is a higher proportion in late harvested grapes and botrytised grapes
What is used to measure sugar in a winery?
hydrometer or
densiometer
because density depends on temperature
What is used to measure sugar in the vineyard?
refractometer
What is the official EU ratio for measuring sugar to gain 1% Alcohol?
16.83g/L Sugar in a grape
Where derive the following 2 type of tannins from?
hydrolysable tannins
condensed tannins
hydrolysable tannins = from oak
condensed tannins = from grapes
What are Catechins ?
a constituent of tannin = small polyphenols extracted from skin, seeds & stems = responsible for bitterness
Soutirage
Racking
What does Reverse Osmoses adjust?
Concentration of wines
&
removal of Alcohol
egrappage
destemming
What is Debourbage?
Settling out solids in French
What is sparging?
Significant amounts of oxygen can dissolve in wine both during the fermentation and aging stages of production. A key method of removing the dissolved oxygen is by sparging the wine with nitrogen gas, argon, or carbon dioxide. When bubbled through wine, these gases will help release the dissolved oxygen and preserve its quality.
What is desfangado?
Racking system (Jerez)
What and where is the term mosto de yema used?
in Sherry production the must is called mosto de yema which is divided into 3 parts:
primera yema
segunda yema
mosto prensa
