Vineyard managment Flashcards
What will a grape grower use to determain site selection?
environmental conditions - average temp, soil, rainfall, sunlight
business considerations - proximity to power, water, availability of workforce, accessibility for machinery, cost and financial viability
grape variety - suit climatic conditions and a demand for grapes
what happens to a new vineyard
plants are ripped out, new planted, yield after 3 years
test soil and fertilize accordingly
left fallow for 3 years before planting to recover
why may a vine be high trained or low trained?
high trained to avoid frost
low trained to absorb heat from soil
what is head training vs cordon training?
head training - have little permanent wood,
can be spur pruned or replacement cane pruned
cordon training - trunk with one or more horizontal arms (cordons) usually spur pruned - makes machine harvesting easier
describe spur pruning:
one year old wood cut down to 2 or 3 buds, distributed along a cordon permanent wood (cordon training) or along top of trunk (head training)
describe replacement cane pruning
canes are longer 1 year wood that can have 8-20 buds 1 or 2 are retained and tied horizontally to trellis, more complex.
sometimes referred to a guyot training one cane - single guyot 2 cane - double guyot
summer pruning involves?
trimming canopy to restrict vegetive growth and direct sugar production to grape, leaf stripping for maximum sunshine
how are bush vines typically trained
head trained spur pruned
bush vines do well in hot climates such as barossa and the southern rhone because?
the canopy helps shade the leaves
not suitable for machine harvesting
in cooler regions they can impede ripening and lessen airflow
what training system is referred to as gobelet?
head trained, spur pruned, tied at tips on trellis to maximize air and sunlight
describe VSP
vertical shoot positioning, tied vertical, keeping the shoots open alows air flow and shade free
in hot sunny regions VSP can be adapted so tops flop over creating shade
makes mechanical harvesting and spraying easier based on position
what determines a growers planting density choice?
availability of nutrients and water
why would a grower plant in high density as opposed to low?
limited water availability- low density
low levels of nutrients / high rainfall - high density to provide competition for vines to restrict vegetive growth - also ensuring vine has current number of buds in winter to avoid buds having too much energy any growing vigorous vice versa
high nutrients / high rainfall - new world - low density planting using vines with multiple cordons or canes = good quality high yields
green harvesting is removing immature grapes shortly after verasjon to control yields, this is risky because?
if done at the wrong time the vine will compensate for loss by increasing size of grapes that have been retained, increasing yields and diluting flavour
what are pests that damage vines?
phylloxera
nematodes - worms that attack roots, interfering with water and nutrients or transmitting vine virus - sanitize soil and use resistant rootstocks
birds and mammals - eat, and leaf to fungal disease if half eaten or crushed - netting and fencing
insects - feeding on grapes and leaves
