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France Flashcards

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1
Q

terms for PDO in france

A

AOP
AC
AOP

each year producers can chose what they use

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2
Q

what are french terms for PGI

A

IGP

VdP

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3
Q

wines without a GI are

A

Vin de france

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4
Q

what is the climate of Bordeaux and the cooling and warming influences

A

moderate maritime

warming from gulf stream extending growing season

Atlantic brings high rainfall and humidity

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5
Q

what offers protection from the atlantic weather

A

Landes

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6
Q

rainfall can disrupt flowering and fruit set and promote rot and dilute flavours - causing vintage variation, how do growers manage this

A

changes in canopy management

decline of sprays

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7
Q

black varieties of bordeaux?

A

cab sauv
cab franc
merlot
petit verdot

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8
Q

Where does cab sauv dominate in bordeaux and why?

A

Haut medoc
Bas medoc
graves

the high stone and gravel raises temp being the only place it can ripen

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9
Q

Where does Cab franc in bordeaux dominate?

A

saint emillion
medoc
graves

less body and tannin and prefers well drained soils

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10
Q

where does merlot dominate in bordeaux and why?

A

saint emillion
pommerol

can grow in cooler clay soils

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11
Q

what does petit verdot add to a blend?

A

tannin, colour and spice

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12
Q

how is top quality bordeaux aged?

A

225 ltr barriques

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13
Q

what are the 3 important whites in bordeaux

A

Semillon
sauvignon blanc
muscadelle

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14
Q

what do the white grapes of bordeaux contribute to blends

A

semillon- thin skin = noble rot and sweet wines as well as blended with sauvignon blanc in pessac leognan and graves where it adds body

sauvignon blanc - varietal or adding acidity to sweet wines

muscadelle - floral

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15
Q

what are the chateaux in the top rank of the 1855 classification in the medoc, graves and sauternes

A 
medoc : 
chateaux lafite rothschild
latour 
margaux
mouton rothschild

graves :
chateau haut brion

sauternes:
chateau d’yquem

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16
Q

what is cru bourgeois awarded to?

A

specific vintage - must be submitted each year

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17
Q

what is the classification in saint emillion grand cru from lowest to highest

A

Saint emillion grand cru classe
saint emillion premier cru classe
premier cru classe B
premier cru classe A

promotion and demotion once every 10 years

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18
Q

How is rose labeled in Bordeaux what is the style?

A

Bordeaux rose

Bordeaux clariet - longer laceration deeper colour fuller body

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19
Q

a wine that is at its best, early drinking, medium body, with ripe red and black fruit could be labelled as

A

bordeaux or bordeaux superior

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20
Q

What is the soil in Medoc what does this grow

A

clay with outcrops of gravel, wines have a higher proportion of merlot and are more early drinking

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21
Q

what are the 4 communes of the haut medoc from north to south?

A

Saint Estephe
Pauillac
Saint Julien
Margaux

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22
Q

describe wine coming from haut medoc

A

high % of cab sauv, blackcurrent, cedar, and grippy when young

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23
Q

what are the red wines coming from pessac leognan and graves like?

A

PL- high cab sauv
lighter and more fragrant

Graves - similar but less concentrated with more merlot

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24
Q

What are the 3 groups of growing areas and the soils of Saint Emillion?

A

plateau in the north and west of town - warm well drained gravel and limestone = cab franc and cab sauv

escarpment to south and east - clay and limestone

sandy soils at foot of escarpment

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25
Q

what 2 areas are the best examples of saint emillion coming from?

A

Plateau from north to west of town
and south to east of escarpment

med to high tannins with soft and rich mouthfeel complex red berry and plum

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26
Q

How does Pomeroy differ from saint emillion?

A

richer spicer and blackberry

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27
Q

what are the appellations of cotes de bordeaux?

A

Blaye
Cadillac
Castillon
Francs

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28
Q

What bordeaux is merlot based, early drinking and excellent value for money?

A

Cote’s de Bordeaux

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29
Q

what regions are aloud to produce white in bordeaux and what style?

A

Graves
Entre deux mers - these are dry unoaked

pessac leognan - sauv/semillon oaked, medium to full body, toasty

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30
Q

the best examples of barsac or sauternes display?

A

high alc, sweet and balanced by acidity, apricot, citrus, toast, vanilla

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31
Q

In the dordgone france which appellation is a source of good value botrytised sweet wine made from sauvignon blanc and semillon?

A

Monbazillac

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32
Q

Chairs was traditionally making tannic and long lived wines now the wines vary based on soil location what is the most important variety and the 2nd and 3rd

A

Malbec
Tannat
Merlot

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33
Q

In south west france which region is making the most important IGP wine and from which grape?

A

Cotes de Gascogne

Ugni Blanc

dry light green apple

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34
Q

What grape is leading blends in Madrian?

A

Tannat

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35
Q

The most important sweet wine of Juracon is made from?

A

Petit Manseng - passerillage, high acidity, apricot grapefruit and spice

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36
Q

What are weather hazzards in Burgundy?

A

rain
spring frost (especially in chablis)
summer hail
westerly winds (protected by south or east facing slopes)

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37
Q

Where are the most important plantings of pinot noir?

A

cote d or

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38
Q

what are flavours of classic burgundian pinot noir

A

red fruit, earth, game, mushroom
high acidity, lower or medium tannin

whole bunch fermentation

16-18 mo oak

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39
Q

some burgundian chardonnay’s show signs of

A

premature oxidation

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40
Q

What grapes are grown in burgundy other than chardonnay and pinot noir

A

aligote

gamay

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41
Q

list the classifications of chablis

A

petit chablis - lesser north facing slopes and flatter land

Chablis Premier cru
Chablis Grand cru
these are in south facing slopes with riper more concentrated citrus and more body

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42
Q

Cote du nuits produces the best

and cote du beaune produces the best

A

nuits-pinot noir (fullest body)

beaune- chardonnay

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43
Q

explain the heirchy of burgndy appellations

A

regional

commune

single vineyard - premier and grand

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44
Q

List the key villages of the cote de nuits from north to south

A

Gevery Chambertin
Vougeot
Vosne Romanee
Nuit saint george’s

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45
Q

list the key villages of the cote de beaune from north to south

A 
aloxe corton
beaune 
pommard 
volnay 
meursault
puligny montrachet 
chassange montrachet
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46
Q

what is the difference between cote de nuits villages and cotes de beaune villages

A

nuits - white or red

beaune - red

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47
Q

The Cote Challonaise also produces chardonnay and pinot noir however the aspect is less east and harvest is later resulting in lighter wines the 4 villages are?

A

rully - sparkling
mercury - red
givry - red
montagny - white

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48
Q

Bourgogne hautes cotes de nuits and Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Beaune
are

A

higher altitude with more wind giving less body and concentration

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49
Q

Bourgogne cote Chalonaise is

A

is all reds from pinot noir and all whites from chardonnay

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50
Q

wines from macon are

A

chardonnay or gamay

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51
Q

White wines from the macconais showing excellent value for money are

A

Macon Villages

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52
Q

Pouilly Fuisse and Saint Veran are the richest and ripest burgundian chardonnay’s, why?

A

matured in barrel

limestone slopes with south east and east exposure that act as sun traps

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53
Q

the climate in beaujolais is moderate continental why is this perfect for gamay?

A

early ripening
early budding

low level nutrient granite soils help control the yields

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54
Q

What is the traditional method of pruning in beaujolais?

A

gobelet

pruned to spurs around head and shoots are tied to hold them vertically

55
Q

what is beaujolais nouveau?

A

early drinking released 3rd thursday in november after vintage cannot be sold after following aug 31

cannot be from crus

red berry light body, kirsch, banana, cinnamon

56
Q

the 4 beaujolais crus with the greatest production are?

A

Brouilly
Morgon - structured
Fleurie
Moulin a Vent - structured

these can improve with bottle age
crushed fruit fermentation
large oak vats
some semi carbonic

57
Q

what is the climate of alsace and the geographical features

A

cool to moderate continental
vosges mountains shelter from westerly rain and wind
lack of clouds

58
Q

how are vines trained in alsace?

A

slopes : trained low to benifit from heat and rows maximize sun exposure
hand harvesting

plains : trained high to minimize risk of sprint frost

59
Q

when is harvest in alsace?

A

mid september till beginning of november

60
Q

what are the noble varieties of alsace?

A

riesling

geuwertzraminer

pinot gris

muscat

61
Q

edelzwiker and gentil are?

A

blends from alsace

62
Q

although alsace focuses on aromatic varieties why do they use large old oak for fermentation

A

they are over 100 years old with a thick layer of tartrate preventing wood from having influence on wine

63
Q

when does bottling in alsace take place

A

spring after harvest

64
Q

what is presenting producers a problem in alsace

A

grand crud have been being made with some sweetness, there is no sweetness level indicator on labels

65
Q

there is only alsace and alsace grand cru and 2 others

A

VT vendanges Tardives - late harvest only from noble and must have a minimum sugar ripeness - passerillage is used and maybe noble rot

SGN selection de grains nobles - nobles, min sugar higher than VT, usually noble rot

66
Q

what are the best examples of riesling from alsace?

A

med-full body, dry, high acidity, citrus and stone fruit stony steely aromas less floral than germany

67
Q

Gewurtztraminer from Alsace is?

A

pungent spicy nose of lychees roses and sweet spice skin is light pink giving gold fully body rich and oily low acidity and high alc

68
Q

describe the best pinot gris from Alsace?

A

rich, full body, high alc, more acidity than gewurtztraminer and less aromatic
textured fresh and dry fruit and honey

69
Q

the 2 muscat’s of Alsace are?

A

muscat blanc a petit grains - intensely aromatic with orange blossom rose and grape - prone to poor fruit set and rot

the less aromatic muscat ottonel is more widely planted because it is more reliable

70
Q

what is the non noble varietal planted in alsace

A

pinot blanc - on fertile planes

also auxerrois and sylvaner

and pinot noir

71
Q

what are the 4 subregions of the Loire

A

central
touraine
anjou-saumur
nantais

72
Q

what is the IGP covering the loire?

A

val de loire

73
Q

what are the variations of climate and soil in Loire?

A

overall cool

central- continental
anjou- warmer and drier / stony soil
touraine - cool and wet / clay soil

74
Q

what is an issue growers face in Loire and in retrospect to that where are the best vineyards grown

A

fungal disease

south facing slope facing the river for extra heat

75
Q

the 2 most prestigious appellations for sauvignon blanc in Loire is

A

Sancerre
pouilly fume

located on chalky well drained stoney soils

76
Q

describe a sauvignon blanc from central vineyards

A

green apple wet stone dry high acidity subtle smoke

77
Q

what winemaking choices might a wine maker make for sauvignon blanc from sancerre or pouilly fume

A

gentle pneumatic press
stainless or old oak
lee’s for texture
MLF for cool vintages

78
Q

where can you get a style of sauvignon blanc similar to pouilly fume and sancerre at a better price?

A

mentetou - salon

79
Q

Chenin blanc can be used for many styles of wine describe the grapes that are used for each style

A

sparkling - only enough sugar to produce low alcohol

dry/med/sweet - increasingly ripe or effected by noble rot

80
Q

vouvray has a cool climate with clay soils resulting in chenin with?

A

light to medium body and fresh fruit and floral notes

81
Q

which region in Loire is producing renowned sparkling chenin

A

saumur

82
Q

where is oaking chenin in Loire

A

anjou

83
Q

why is late harvest chenin being produced in Savennieres

A

the air circulation in the vines impedes noble rot but enables late harvest for full bodied dry complex wines

84
Q

where are some of the worlds greatest sweet wines coming from in the loire

A

coteaux du layon

85
Q

describe melon blanc from loire

A
  • early ripening and frost resistant
  • muscadet
    -muscadet sevre et maine
  • dry
  • max 12%
    high acidity light body green fruit
86
Q

what makes muscadet sur lie different

A

bottled in spring after vintage after spending winter on lee’s for texture

87
Q

How do the cab francs in touraine differ?

A

from chinon and bourguiel

the sandy soils are light and fruity and the fuller bodied tannic versions are coming from south facing slopes with limestone and clay

88
Q

describe the cab francs from Saumur chanpingy

A

lighter body and tannic with juicy berry can be served chilled

89
Q

Rose de loire blend must have

A

at least 30% cab franc or cab sauv

90
Q

cabernet anjou is made from a blend of ?

A

cab franc and sauvignon blanc

91
Q

rose d’anjou us made with

A

grolleau and franc

92
Q

sancerre rose must be made from

A

pinot noir

93
Q

what is the wind in the northern rhone that can easily damage vines?

A

the mistral from the north

94
Q

how are vines protected in northern rhone

A

supported by an individual stake or in tepee like stakes

95
Q

describe a northern rhone syrah and some practices a winemaker will use

A

deep colour
medium to high tannin
black fruit
pepper

some new oak or older barrels, adding viogner

96
Q

describe viogner?

A

full body perfumed blossom and apricot and stone fruit low acidity and high alcohol as they are late ripening with higher sugar

97
Q

what do marsanne and rousanne contribute to blends?

A

marsanne - richness and weight

rousanne - acidity and perfume

98
Q

what distinguishes a cote rotie from hermitage

A

textural elegance

99
Q

what is condrieu

A

viogner from low yielding vines on steep well exposed terrased vineyards

100
Q

the lightest body northern rhones can come from?

A

saint joseph

in the flatter fertile plains on the valley floor using carbonic maceration

101
Q

where is the fullest bodied red northern rhone

A

hermitage

102
Q

what whites and how much can hermitage be blended with

A

15% marsanne and rousanne

103
Q

a similar wine to cote rotie or hermitage forbetter value is?

A

crozes hermitage

104
Q

why does syrah from cornas differ?

A

100% syrah

105
Q

the mistral is stronger in southern rhone how do growers adapt?

A

windbreakers are planted

grenache is bush trained

syrah is trellised

106
Q

what are the grapes black and white grown in southern rhone

A 
grenache
syrah
mondevre
cinsault
grenach blanc
boutboulenc
clairette
107
Q

what do syrah and mondevre add to a blend with grenache

A

syrah gives colour and tannin

mondevre is very black fruit but can give the complexity of game and meat

108
Q

what does cinsault add to a southern rhone blend?

A

red fruit

109
Q

why is it hard to describe a southern rhone

A

techniques range and winemakers will blend from wines using different fermentation styles

110
Q

what are the style of the best whites of southern rhone?

A

rich texture full body low to medium acidity and fruity

111
Q

what makes cote du rhone villages different from cote du rhone

A

villages - more alcohol and greater % has to be made from syrah mondevre or grenache.

villages can add name to label if 100% from village

more body structure and spiced red fruit than cote du rhone

112
Q

describe chateauneuf du pape

A

grenache dominates and some are 100%

others take use of mondevre

the best are full body and rich texture with red fruit balancing high alcohol

there is a lot of dilute unbalanced chateauneuf du pape

113
Q

Tavel and Lirac make?

A

rose from grenache and cinsault

full body and intensely flavoured

114
Q

where else in southern rhone produces high quality chateauneuf du pape style

A

lirac

115
Q

what are the 2 most standing crus of southern rhone

A

gigondas
vacauerays

making grenache led reds in style of chateauneuf

116
Q

what is the climate of southern france

A

warm mediterranean

117
Q

how does the growing area of southern france range

A

foothills are cooler and less fertile well drained soils - quality viticulture

118
Q

the mistral turns to the ______ that blows through the massif and pyrenees

A

tramatone

119
Q

what are the black grapes of southern france?

A 
grenache 
syrah
carignan
cinsault 
mourvèdre 
merlot 
cab
120
Q

describe carignan in southern rhone

A

high tannin
high acidity
can lack fruit but can preform on poor soil because it produces enormous yields

121
Q

what is merlot and cab used for in sourthern france

A

IGP

122
Q

what is southern france benefiting from winemaking wise?

A

new and old oak
improvement cellar hygiene
temp control
semi carbonic to soften carignan

123
Q

what are the white grapes of southern france

A

chardonnay
sauvignon blanc
viogner
picpoul

124
Q

describe grenache blanc

A

dry peachy full body low acidity oxidize easily

125
Q

describe picapoul

A

high acidity green fruit and citrus

126
Q

the languedoc is made up it departments?

A

aude
herault
gard

127
Q

cotes du roussillon produces more concentrated wines why?

A

more mountainous less rainfall and strong wind

128
Q

what are the 2 areas of fitou

A

warm coastal strip producing fuller body

cooler inland area for lighter wines

129
Q

what cools the altitude vineyards of corbieres

A

tramontone

130
Q

describe the growing conditions of minervois

A

rich soil
altitude
atlantic cooling

131
Q

in southern france where is a region for premium oaked chardonnay’s

A

limoux

132
Q

where do the most IGPs come from in france

A

southern france named pays d’oc

large volume and excellent value for money

133
Q

describe a rose from provence?

A

pale
light body
dry
grapefruit and red fruit

134
Q

what does Bandol produce

A

premium reds based on mourvedre

dark full body powerful tannins that need bottle age to show bramble meat and licorice

wset 3 (24 decks)

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