Growing Enviroment Flashcards
what does a vine need to survive?
heat water co2 nutrients sunlight
8 factors that influence heat?
altitude latitude ocean currents fog soil aspect contintiality diurnal range
what soil would be best to ripen a grape in a cool climate
a soil with a high rate of gravel or rock to retain heat
in the northern hemisphere where do grapes get the most sunlight
southern facing
in the southern hemisphere where do grapes get the most heat
northern facing
will a region near a large body of water have high out low continentality
Low, the water has a cooling effect in summer and warming in winter
what lowers a diurnal range?
seas, lakes, cloud cover
what are some ways to prevent against spring frost?
heaters - prevents movement in the air
wind machines - draws warm air from above to heat ground
sprinklers - spray vines to release heat into plant tissue to protect buds and shoots
vineyard design - slope, avoid depressions in which air can collect, train vines high to avoid worst of cold air
how do temps in the season effect vines
cool springs can delay bud burst and shorten season meaning that grapes do not have time to ripen, flowering and fruit set can be effected resulting in a small crop
hot summers can cause the vines to stop activity
what factors effect sunlight
latitude
seas and lakes
aspect
what are the effects of sunlight
cloudy + low sunlight = lower crop, if photosynthesis stops, grapes won’t ripen
intense sunlight = sunburn, bitter flavours in grape skin
why can limiting water be benificial to a grape
once a sufficient amount of leaves has grown, limiting water allows grapes to concentrate on ripening rather than shoot growth
what are 3 types of irrigation:
drip - most advanced and expensive each vine has a computer controlled dripper
sprinklers - can create dam conditions and increase risk of disease
flood irrigation - cheapest but only possible in flat vineyards where there is access to large quantities of water
why is drought, too much water, an hail issues?
drought - photosynthesis stops
too much water - excess shoot and leaves grown leaving less sugar for grapes, increasing shade, water logging can kill roots, damp conditions cause fungal disease, heavy rain before harvest swells grapes, diluting flavour and possible splitting
hail - damage grapes and vine
how can you avoid waterlogged soil?
planting on slopes or installing drainage
what are the climate ranges?
cool : 16.5 or below
moderate : 16.5-18.5
warm : 18.5-21
hot : excess 21
what is a continental climate and risks of them and what grapes suit them
greatest difference in temperatures from hottest and coldest months
short summers temp drop in autumn
cool continental climates are at a risk of frost and low temps - suitable grapes late budding and early ripening
what is a maritime climate what are risks?
cool - moderate climate with low difference between hottest and coldest months, even rainfall, ripening into autumn, spring rainfall may be harmafall to flowering fruit set and health of grapes
what is martitime climate and a risk associated?
low temp difference between hottest and coolest month, summers are warm and dry - extra sunlight means fuller body, riper tannins, higher alc, lower acidity
can lead to drought
what is humus
organic matter
rich in plant nutrients with water retaining properties
what are the most important nutrients for a vine?
nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
naturally occurring in soil
if too nutrient then a dense leafy canopy can grow
overtime they become depleted and need to be replaced with chemical fertilizers
what is chlorisis
lack of nutrients - leaves turn yellow and vine is restricted to photosynthesis
fertilizer can help
