Growing Enviroment Flashcards

1
Q

what does a vine need to survive?

A
heat
water
co2
nutrients 
sunlight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

8 factors that influence heat?

A
altitude
latitude
ocean currents
fog
soil
aspect 
contintiality
diurnal range
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what soil would be best to ripen a grape in a cool climate

A

a soil with a high rate of gravel or rock to retain heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

in the northern hemisphere where do grapes get the most sunlight

A

southern facing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in the southern hemisphere where do grapes get the most heat

A

northern facing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

will a region near a large body of water have high out low continentality

A

Low, the water has a cooling effect in summer and warming in winter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what lowers a diurnal range?

A

seas, lakes, cloud cover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some ways to prevent against spring frost?

A

heaters - prevents movement in the air
wind machines - draws warm air from above to heat ground
sprinklers - spray vines to release heat into plant tissue to protect buds and shoots
vineyard design - slope, avoid depressions in which air can collect, train vines high to avoid worst of cold air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how do temps in the season effect vines

A

cool springs can delay bud burst and shorten season meaning that grapes do not have time to ripen, flowering and fruit set can be effected resulting in a small crop

hot summers can cause the vines to stop activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what factors effect sunlight

A

latitude
seas and lakes
aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the effects of sunlight

A

cloudy + low sunlight = lower crop, if photosynthesis stops, grapes won’t ripen

intense sunlight = sunburn, bitter flavours in grape skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why can limiting water be benificial to a grape

A

once a sufficient amount of leaves has grown, limiting water allows grapes to concentrate on ripening rather than shoot growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are 3 types of irrigation:

A

drip - most advanced and expensive each vine has a computer controlled dripper

sprinklers - can create dam conditions and increase risk of disease

flood irrigation - cheapest but only possible in flat vineyards where there is access to large quantities of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why is drought, too much water, an hail issues?

A

drought - photosynthesis stops

too much water - excess shoot and leaves grown leaving less sugar for grapes, increasing shade, water logging can kill roots, damp conditions cause fungal disease, heavy rain before harvest swells grapes, diluting flavour and possible splitting

hail - damage grapes and vine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how can you avoid waterlogged soil?

A

planting on slopes or installing drainage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the climate ranges?

A

cool : 16.5 or below
moderate : 16.5-18.5
warm : 18.5-21
hot : excess 21

17
Q

what is a continental climate and risks of them and what grapes suit them

A

greatest difference in temperatures from hottest and coldest months

short summers temp drop in autumn

cool continental climates are at a risk of frost and low temps - suitable grapes late budding and early ripening

18
Q

what is a maritime climate what are risks?

A

cool - moderate climate with low difference between hottest and coldest months, even rainfall, ripening into autumn, spring rainfall may be harmafall to flowering fruit set and health of grapes

19
Q

what is martitime climate and a risk associated?

A

low temp difference between hottest and coolest month, summers are warm and dry - extra sunlight means fuller body, riper tannins, higher alc, lower acidity

can lead to drought

20
Q

what is humus

A

organic matter

rich in plant nutrients with water retaining properties

21
Q

what are the most important nutrients for a vine?

A

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

naturally occurring in soil

if too nutrient then a dense leafy canopy can grow

overtime they become depleted and need to be replaced with chemical fertilizers

22
Q

what is chlorisis

A

lack of nutrients - leaves turn yellow and vine is restricted to photosynthesis

fertilizer can help