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Micro-Bacteria > Vibrios > Flashcards

Vibrios Flashcards

1
Q

Gram negative or positive

A

Gram negative

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2
Q

Physical shape of bacteria

A

Comma shaped rod

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3
Q

Flagellum and nucleic acid

A
  • polar flagellum

- 2 circular chromosomes

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4
Q

pH sensitivity of vibrio

A
  • highly alkali tolerant(pH 9)

- acid sensitive(pH<6)

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5
Q

Relationship between vibrios and copepods

A
  • halotolerant and some halophilic(saline environments)

- resident on copepods

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6
Q

Major type of V. cholerae

A

O1 strain with no capsule

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7
Q

2 types of biotypes of O1 strain

A

Classical and El Tor

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8
Q

2 serotypes of each biotype

A

Ogawa and Inaba

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9
Q

Mutation type of El Tor

A

Mutation into O139

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10
Q

Description of O139

A
  • polysaccharide capsule

- local epidemic in Calcutta

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11
Q

Difference between El Tor and Classical

A
  • polymyxin resistant
  • produces hemolysin
  • less toxic produced, but colonized better
  • outgrows classical biotype in mixed culture
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12
Q

Pandemics due to Classical and El Tor

A
  • Classical biotype for 6 pandemics

- El Tor biotype for 1961-2001 pandemics

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13
Q

Colony numbers required for bacteria

A
  • large numbers of bacteria to colonize(10^6)

- with antacid, 10^3 and El Tor advantage

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14
Q

Location where disease presents

A

Mainly small intestines

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15
Q

Incubation period and initial presentation

A
  • 1 to 4 days

- Nausea, vomiting, 1-2 loose stools

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16
Q

Acute onset of clinical presentation

A
  • watery diarrhea(>20L per day), like rice water stool
  • contains mucus, lots of vibrio, no blood
  • no fever or pain
17
Q

Risk of watery diarrhea due to V. Cholerae

A

-dehydration and electrolytes loss causes circulatory collapse and death

18
Q

Epidemiological of V. Cholerae

A
  • worldwide distribution in water

- filtration of copepods, and sari cloth

19
Q

Natural host of V. Cholerae

A

-humans

20
Q

Spread of V. Cholerae

A

-ingested in fecally contaminated water or food

21
Q

Onset of V. Cholerae

A
  • usually a few days
  • may carry bacteria for 3-4wks
  • rare long term carriers
22
Q

Pathogenesis of V. Cholerae

A

-fimbriae bind to gut epithelium

23
Q

Toxin of V. Cholerae

A
  • toxin and pilus genes regulated by ToxT

- ToxT mRNA is regulated by temperature-sensitive riboswitch

24
Q

Toxin description

A
  • AB5 toxin, A is in 2 subunits linked by S-S
  • B binds as pentamer to receptor ganglioside Gm1(epithelial)
  • A1/A2 S-S bond is reduced and A1 uses NAD to ADP ribosylate a Gs protein
25
Q

Consequence of S-S bond being reduced

A
  • activates adenyl cyclase
  • increase cAMP causes ion secretion into gut lumen
  • water follows to balance osmolarity
26
Q

Control of V. Cholerae

A
  • rehydration and electrolyte replacement
  • Oral Rehydration salts
  • doycycline can limit vibrios shedding(only >10%)
  • vaccines not very effective
27
Q

Clinical of V. Parahemolyticus

A
  • halophilic
  • 12 to 24hrs incubation, nausea, vomiting, watery to bloody diarrhea, possibility gastroenteritis
  • self limiting, resolves 1-4 days
28
Q

Epidemiological of V. Parahemolyticus

A
  • worldwide distribution in ocean waters
  • consumed in contaminated(raw or undercooked seafood)
  • Japan and Atlantic coast
29
Q

Pathogenesis of V. Parahemolyticus

A

-biofilms, T3SS, T6SS, hemolytic/cytotoxic enterotoxin

30
Q

Control of V. Parahemolyticus

A
  • rehydration and electrolyte replacement

- doxycycline if necessary

31
Q

Clinical of V. Vulnificus

A
  • infected wounds from handling contaminated seafood
  • bacteremia from eating raw oysters
  • very rapid cellulitis and necrosis
  • eventual liver damage(alcoholic predisposition)
32
Q

Epidemiology of V. Vulnificus

A
  • always associated with contaminated seawater or seafood

- endemic in TX, AL, LA

33
Q

Pathogenesis of V. Vulnificus

A
  • antiphagocytic capsule contributes to virulence

- necrotizing cytotoxin

34
Q

Control of V. Vulnificus

A
  • doxycycline right away
  • Cipro. if pregnant
  • takes 18hrs to get a positive culture; too late

Micro-Bacteria (32 decks)

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