Antibiotics

Question 1

Desired properties of antibiotics

Answer 1

1. broad range(G+, G-,mycobacteria)
2. able to get to body tissues
3. selectively toxic

Question 2

Definition of antagonism

Answer 2

One antibiotic inhibits the other. Example Chloramphenicol inhibiting penicillin.

Question 3

Definition of synergism

Answer 3

One antibiotic enhances the function of the other. Example is SxT, blocking of sequential steps

Question 4

Example of a synergism

Answer 4

1. Loperamide enhances the pH differences to facilitate tetracycline entry
2. Tetracycline interferes with protein movement to outermembrane, facilitating with loperamide entry.

Question 5

Definition of indifference

Answer 5

No cross reactivity

Question 6

When to use multiple drugs

Answer 6

1. systemic or multiple infections
2. to delay resistance in long-term use
3. Synergisms

Question 7

Description of a prophylaxis

Answer 7

1. Known contact with a known agent
2. Given before surgery where likelihood of infectious complications is >3%
3. Predisposition to endocarditis, respiratory system diseases, immunocompromised

Question 8

The challenges with biofilms

Answer 8

1. Especially difficult to treat with antibiotics, ideal to prevent formation.
2. Potential treatment; kill with cationic detergent, then hydrolyze to release dead cells.