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Vet Exam Material > Veterinary Terminology: The Nervous System > Flashcards

Veterinary Terminology: The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

encephalo-

A

brain

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2
Q

medullo-

A

medulla

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3
Q

myelo-

A

bone marrow

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4
Q

brain

A

part of the CNS (central nervous system)
responsible for coordinating the activity of all parts of multicellular animals
essential for the co-existence of widely disparate cellular populations
the first organ throughout recorded history that has developed the capacity to study itself

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5
Q

the central nervous system (CNS)

A

consists of the integrative brain, the more primitive brainstem, and the spinal cord
together with peripheral nervous system has a fundamental role in the control of behavior

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6
Q

brain protected by

A

bony skull case and mengines (connective tissue layers)

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7
Q

spinal cord protected by

A

individual, slightly moveable vertebral bones and mengines (connective tissue layers)

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8
Q

Mengines 3 connective tissue layers

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

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9
Q

fundamental cellular unit for the nervous system

A

Neurons

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10
Q

neurons

A

are very metabolically active
have the capacity for generating and propagating an electrical discharge (action potential)
have the means for restoring a resting state and generating another action potential after a short refractory period

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11
Q

action potential

A

generating and propagating an electrical discharge

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12
Q

refractory period

A

the period of time during which a neuron can’t re-fire

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13
Q

cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

A

a special medium that contains nutrients, electrolytes, water, respiratory gases, hormones, and neurotransmitters

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14
Q

blood-brain barrier

A

serves to isolate neurons from the general circulation

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15
Q

CSF tap

A

collecting a sample of CSF to determine whether a breakdown is occuring with the blood-brain barrier

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16
Q

neurons consists of three parts

A

soma- cell body
dendrites
axon

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17
Q

soma- cell body

A

contains organelles that are similar to other cells in the body

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18
Q

dendrites

A

extension from the cell body laden with receptive elements

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19
Q

axon

A

single, long and large process that leaves the cell body to form a synapse with a distant cell or cells

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20
Q

synapse

A

nerve ending

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21
Q

sensory (afferent) neurons

A

are responsible for conveying information about the external or internal environment to or within the CNS

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22
Q

thermoreceptors

A

receptors for temperature

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23
Q

chemoreceptors

A

receptors for chemical irritants

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24
Q

mechanoreceptors

A

receptors for pressure

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25
Q

nociceptors

A

receptors for pain

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26
Q

vagus nerve

A

information from receptors is conveyed to the brain via this nerve

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27
Q

motor (efferent) neurons

A

generate their own action potentials in response to what they receive from the periphery

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28
Q

dendritic zone

A

the action potential is an amalgamation of inputs from many afferent inputs
very large for motor neurons

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29
Q

reflex arc

A

a conversation between the central and peripheral nervous systems occurs by virtue of a receptor to afferent neuron to efferent neuron to effector cell loop

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30
Q

neocortex

A

new brain (population of cells, dendritic zone is immense)

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31
Q

cerebral palsy

A

the population of upper neurons in question become injured or destroyed during birth in human babies

32
Q

spasticity and hyperreflexia

A

manifestations of the loss of modulatory influences by upper motor neurons on the reflexive responses by the lower motor neurons of the spinal cord.
Movements are very stiff and over-exaggerated

33
Q

cerebrum

A

main portion of brain

34
Q

cerebration

A

functional activity of the brain

35
Q

cerbrovascular

A

pertaining to the blood vessels of the brain

36
Q

cerbellum

A

refers to a specific portion of the brain devoted to balance, body position, and coordinated movements

37
Q

glia

A

structural and supportive cells of the CNS

astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia

38
Q

Schwann cells

A

large nucleated cells whose cytoplasm is tightly wound around a segment of axon, encapsulating it and facilitating propagation of an action potential much like insulation around an electrical wire

39
Q

medulla oblongata

A

the caudal portion of the brain stem where neurons devoted to a variety of vital functions, such as a cardiorespiratory function, peristalsis, food intake (swallowing, chewing, vomition), and hearing

40
Q

ventricular system

A

internal spaces in the brain where csf is produced and circulates to bathe every neuron from inside to outside

41
Q

subarachnoid space

A

space between meningeal layers (between dura mater and arachnoid mater) which is external to the substance of the brain and spinal cord that allows CSF to percolate from outside to inside

42
Q

nucleus

A

A collection of neurons of like function that reside in the CNS

43
Q

ganglion

A

A collection of neurons of like function that reside outside the CNS

44
Q

cerebromalacia

A

abnormal softening of the brain

45
Q

encephalopathy

A

any abnormality of the brain

46
Q

hydrocephaly

A

an abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain

water on the brain

47
Q

encephalopathy

A

parasitic migration of the larval stage of the genus (Encephalitozoon.) Resulting in ischemic lesions secondary to disruption of key cerebral vessels, results in cerebral signs and major behavior changes

48
Q

cerebrodysplasia

A

any congenital anomaly of the brain

49
Q

Schwannoma

A

a tumor of the Schwann cell sheath

aka neurofibroma

50
Q

neuropharmacologic

A

adverse drug reaction that present with cerebral signs

51
Q

astrocytoma

A

a tumor composed of astrocytes.

most common form of primary brain tumor and can arise anywhere in the CNS

52
Q

ataxia

A

A failure of muscle coordination that often manifests as a very abnormal gait

53
Q

neuropathy

A

a functional abnormality or pathologic change in the peripheral nervous system

54
Q

neuromyopathy

A

A muscle disorder resulting from a loss of or abnormal nerve inputs

55
Q

neuroprotective

A

guarding or protecting against neurotoxicity

56
Q

myelodysplasia

A

abnormal formation of the spinal cord

57
Q

demyelination

A

loss of the myelin sheath provided by Schwann cells, resulting in reduced or disorganized propagation of action potentials

58
Q

Somnolence

A

sleepiness or reduction in sensorium (level of consciousness) that, in worsening condition can be followed by coma, which is an absence of conciousness

59
Q

space occupying lesion

A

an abnormal mass somewhere in the nervous system that compresses delicate nervous tissure. The mass could be a tumor, an abscess, or an enlarged normal structure

60
Q

encephalomyelitis

A

inflammation f the brain and spinal cord. the causative agents can be viral, bacterial, Rickettsial, fungal, or parasitic.

61
Q

theco

A

sheath

62
Q

meningo

A

meninges

63
Q

myo

A

muscle

64
Q

esthesia

A

perception

sensitivity

65
Q

algia

A

pain

painful condition

66
Q

plegia

A

paralysis

67
Q

paresis

A

slight or incomplete paralysis

68
Q

taxo

A

order

coordination

69
Q

nervous system problems

A 
seizures
blindness
deafness
dementia
tremors
head-tilts
nystagmus
paresis
paralysis
pain
70
Q

neuro exam

A 
mental status
cranial nerve reflexes
gait and posture
proprioceptive positioning
spinal reflexes
pain perception
71
Q

states of consciousness

A

somnolent
lethargic
stuporous
comatose

72
Q

thalamocortex

A

behavior or intelligence

Animal unable to relate normally with its environment

73
Q

Epilepsy

A

seizure disorder-recurrent
status epilepticus- last longer than 5-10 minutes
cluster seizures- 2 or more over a brief period of time

74
Q

Wobbler’s syndrome

A

cervical vertebral abnormalities

75
Q

radiculo

A

radicle

76
Q

neuro

A

nerves

77
Q

cerebro-

A

spinal fluid

Vet Exam Material (47 decks)

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