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Vet Exam Material > Veterinary Terminology: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Veterinary Terminology: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

large vessels that carry blood away from the heart
their walls are lined with connective tissue, muscle tissue, and elastic fibers with an innermost layer of epithelial called endothelium
elastic walls allow them to expand for the high amount of blood pressure from the heart

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2
Q

endothelial cells

A

found in all blood vessels

secrete factors that affect the size of blood vessels, reduce blood clotting, and promote the growth of blood vessels

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3
Q

arterioles

A

smaller branches of arteries
are thinner than arteries
carry to capillaries

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4
Q

capillaries

A

the tiniest of blood vessels
have walls that are only one endothelial cell in thickness
carry nutrient rich, oxygenated blood to body cells
also carries waste products away from body cells

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5
Q

venules

A

small veins that carry waste filled blood

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6
Q

veins

A

large blood vessel that conducts blood that has given up most of its oxygen toward the heart from the tissues
has thin walls and little elastic tissue, and little connective tissue
contain valves that prevent backflow of blood and keep it moving one direction
muscular action helps the movement of blood

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7
Q

forms the circulatory system

A

Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries, heart

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8
Q

blood that is deficient of oxygen flows

A

capillaries to venules to veins (two large veins), the venaue cavae, to heart
enters the right side of the heart and travels through that side into the pulmonary artery

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9
Q

pulmonary artery

A

a vessel that divides into two
one branch to left lung other to right lung
is unusual because it is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood

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10
Q

the pulmonary veins

A

are unusual because they are the only veins in the body that carry oxygen-rich blood
blood returns from the lungs to the heart

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11
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

deoxygenated blood from veins to heart, to pulmonary artery, to lungs, to pulmonary veins, to heart again

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12
Q

oxygen-rich blood enters

A

the left side of the heart from pulmonary veins

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13
Q

aorta

A 
largest single artery in the body
moves up (ascending) then downward (descending)
divides into numerous branches of arteries that carry the oxygen-rich blood
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14
Q

names of some arterial branches

A 
brachial
axillary
splenic
gastric
renal
carotid
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15
Q

systemic circulation

A

the pathway of blood from the heart to the tissue capillaries and back to the heart

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16
Q

mammalian heart

A

is a pump consisting of four chambers

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17
Q

atria (atrium)

A

two upper chambers of heart

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18
Q

ventricles

A

two lower chambers of the heart

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19
Q

how the blood flows through the chambers of the heart

A

right side of the heart sends oxygen-deficient blood to the lungs
newly oxygenated blood returns to left side of the heart
oxygenated blood is then pumped through to the body
the body sends oxygen deficient blood then back to the right side of heart
repeat

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20
Q

cranial (superior) vena cava

A

drains blood from the upper portion of the body

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21
Q

caudal (inferior) vena cava

A

carries blood from the lower part of the body

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22
Q

tricuspid valve and mitral valve

A

cusps form a one-way passage designed to keep the blood flowing in only one direction
tricuspid valve- stops flow from right ventricle back into right atrium
mitral valve- stops flow from left ventricle back into left atrium

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23
Q

left ventricle

A

has the thickest walls of all four heart chambers because of having to be able to pump blood throughout the body

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24
Q

septa (septum)

A

partitions that separate the four chambers of the heart

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25
Q

the heart has three layers

A

endocardium
myocardium
pericardium

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26
Q

endocardium

A

a smooth layer of endothelial cells, lines the interior of the heart and heart valves

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27
Q

myocardium

A

the middle, muscular layer of the heart wall

is the thickest layer

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28
Q

pericardium

A

a fibrous and membraneous sac, surrounds the heart

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29
Q

visceral pericardium

A

adhering to the heart

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30
Q

parietal pericardium

A

lining the outer fibrous coat

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31
Q

pericardial cavity

A

between the visceral and parietal pericardia

contains pericardial fluid, which lubricates the membranes as the heart beats

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32
Q

avian heart

A

4 chamber heart like mammals

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33
Q

amphibians and most reptiles

A

have 3 chamber hearts (except crocodiles)

2 atria and 1 ventricle, ventricle mixes of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

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34
Q

fish hearts

A

2 chambered hearts

1 atrium 1 ventricle

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35
Q

two phases of a heart beat

A

diastole

systole

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36
Q

diastole

A

relaxation of the heart
occurs when the ventricle walls relax and blood flows into the heart from the venae cavae and pulmonary veins, the tricuspid and mitral valves open and blood passes from the atria to ventricles, pulmonary and aortic valves are closed

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37
Q

systole

A

contraction of the heart
walls of right and left ventricles contract to pump blood into the pulmonary artery and the aorta
both tricuspid and mitral valves are closed

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38
Q

lub dub

A

the closure of tricuspid and mitral valves

the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

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39
Q

murmur

A

an abnormal heart soundd

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40
Q

sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

pacemaker of the heart

current of electricity that causes the walls of the atria to contract and force blood into the ventricles

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41
Q

atrioventricular node (AV node)

A

sends the excitation wave to atrioventricle bundle, bundle divides into left and right branches which form the conduction myofibers that extend through the ventricle walls and stimulates them to contract

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42
Q

bundle of His (atrioventricular bundle)

A

a bundle of specialized muscle fibers

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43
Q

electrocardiogram (ECG EKG)

A

the record used to detect the electrical changes in heart muscle as the heart beats

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44
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

heart rhythm

originating in the SA node and traveling through the heart

45
Q

sympathetic nerves

A

speed up the heart rate during conditions of emotional stress or vigorous exercise

46
Q

parasympathetic nerves

A

slow the heart rate when there is no need for extra pumping

47
Q

fibrillation

A

rapid random inefficient ND IRREGULAR CONTRACTIONS OF THE ATRIA AND VENTRICLES

48
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

a duct between the aorta and the pulmonary artery, which normally closes soon after birth, remains open

49
Q

septal defects

A

smll holes in the septa between the atria or the ventricles

50
Q

congestive heart failure

A

thee heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood
blood accumulates in the lungs causing pulmonary edema
tight sided heart failure results in accumulation of fluid in the abdominal organs, abdomen, and subcutaneous tissues of the legs

51
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, usually caused by bacteria

52
Q

mitral regurgitation

A

back flow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium due to congenital malformation of the mitral valve or degeneration of the mitral valve over time

53
Q

murmur

A

an extra heart sound, heard between normal beats.

usually caused by a valvular defect

54
Q

thrill

A

a vibration felt on palpation of the chest, often accompanies a murmur

55
Q

stenosis

A

a narrowing at the aortic and pulmonary valves

usually are congenital malformations

56
Q

arteriogenesis

A

the formation of arteries (vascularization)

57
Q

augiography

A

the radiographic visualization of blood vessels following the introduction of contrast media

58
Q

angiogenesis

A

the formation of blood vessels in the embryo

59
Q

vascular

A

having a copious blood supply

60
Q

neovascularization

A

appearance of blood vessels into an area of previous ischemia

61
Q

vasoactive

A

exerting an effect on the diameter of a blood vessel

62
Q

vasoconstruction

A

decrease in the diameter of blood vessels

63
Q

vasodilation

A

increase in the diameter of blood vessels, especially arterioles, leading to an increase of blood supply to an area

64
Q

vasospasm

A

constriction of blood vessels

65
Q

arteriopathy

A

any disease of an artery

66
Q

arteritis

A

inflammation of an artery

67
Q

equine viral arteritis

A

a frequently fatal disease of horses, caused by the equine arteritis virus, affects primarily smaller arteries, with resultant hemorrhage enteritis, abdominal pain, and diarrhea and pulmonary edema.

68
Q

vasculitis

A

inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel

69
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of a blood or lymph vessel

70
Q

artherosclerosis

A

a condition in which yellow plaques, containing cholesterol and lipid materials, are insinuated into the walls of the arteries

71
Q

arterionecrosis

A

death of the cells comprising an artery

72
Q

arterioplasty

A

surgical repair or re-construction of an artery

73
Q

cardiology

A

the science or study of the heart

74
Q

cardiologist

A

a scientist who studies the heart and its functions

75
Q

normal sinus rhythm

A

a regular rhythm of heart beats at rest, determined by auscultation or palpating a peripheral pulse

76
Q

normal sinus arrhythmia

A

an irregular but normal heart beat in an athletic animal that speeds up and slows down, often with inspiration and expiration, respectively

77
Q

pericardium

A

the connective tissue sac that houses the heart

78
Q

atria

A

the two low pressure chambers of the heart that receive venous blood and pump it into the ventricles

79
Q

ventricles

A

the two high pressure chambers of the heart that are responsible for pumping blood to the lungs (right) and to the general circulation (left)

80
Q

cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

81
Q

electrocardiography

A

a recording of the electrical activity of the heart

82
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

non inflammatory disease of heart muscle.
there are several types
etiologies can be species specific

83
Q

congestive heart failure

A

a condition in which the heart is failing as a pump

84
Q

myocardial infarction

A

absent blood supply to cardiac muscle leading to cell death

85
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of cardia muscle

86
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart, including heart valves

87
Q

cardiomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the heart, whether from hypertrophy or dilation

88
Q

cardiopulmonary

A

pertaining to heart and lungs

89
Q

angi/o

A

vessel

90
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

91
Q

arter/o arteri/o

A

artery

92
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish plaque, fatty substance

93
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

upper heart chamber

94
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

95
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

96
Q

coron/o

A

heart

97
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

98
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

99
Q

pericardi/o

A

pericardium

100
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

101
Q

sphygm/o

A

pulse

102
Q

steth/o

A

chest

103
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

104
Q

valvul/o

valv/o

A

valve

105
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

106
Q

vascul/o

A

vessel

107
Q

ven/o

ven/i

A

vein

108
Q

venticul/o

A

ventricle

lower heart chamber

109
Q

three types of blood vessels in the body

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

Vet Exam Material (47 decks)

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