1:Medical Math: Drug Order (Prescription Writing) (4) Flashcards
What is a Prescriptions?
is an order to a pharmacist written by a licensed medical practitioner to prepare the prescribed medication, to affix the directions, and to sell the preparation to the client.
Is a legally recognized document and the writer is held responsible for its accuracy.
What should a standard prescription blank have printed on it?
the name, address, telephone number, and office hours of the doctor prescribing the medication.
What other information should be provided on the prescription?
Space for the number of refills and the practitioner’s DEA (drug enforcement administration) registration number should be provided.
A space for the client and the animal names and the date should be provided.
As a possible legal document, how should the prescription be written?
should be written in ink and a carbon copy should be kept on file to protect the doctor and serves to complete the record of treatment.
Should be written a simply as possible and consists of a minimum number of drugs, employs the metric system and may use several abbreviations.
Must have the phrase “For veterinary use only”.
What is the Superscription?
is the Rx.
is an abbreviation of the latin word “recipe” which means take.
What is the Inscription?
it lists the names and amounts of drugs to be incorporated in the prescription.
It includes the basis, vehicle, adjuvant, and corrective.
What is the Subscription?
the instructions to the pharmacist which may be in English or latin abbreviations.
What is the Signa (Sig:) or transcription?
instructions for administration of the medication which the pharmacist is to write on the label.
The signature of the practitioner must also be included on the prescription!!
:)
OTC
Over-the-counter drugs.
do not need a prescription.
Prescription drugs are regulated by what?
The FDA
What is the FDA?
A branch of the US Department of Health and Human Services since 1906.
Organized into different centers including the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA-CVM) which ensures that animal drugs are not harmful to animals.
Responsibilities of the FDA also include?
testing for safety and efficacy of drugs, drug development and approval (NADA).
Biologics such as vaccines are regulated by what?
the USDA
A veterinary/client/patient relationship must exist before a prescription drug is prescribed.
:)
Controlled drugs are regulated by what?
Controlled Substance Act (CSA) of 1970
regulated by the DEA
What is the DEA?
A branch of the US Department of Justice.
Regulates the purchase, storage, and use of controlled substances.
How are controlled substances divided?
divided into 5 classes based on their potential of abuse or misuse by people.
the lower the class, the higher the potential of abuse.
Describe Class I controlled drugs (C-I)
highest abuse potential
severe liability
no therapeutic agents in the US
Heroin and LSD are examples
Describe Class II controlled drugs (C-II)
high abuse potential
severe liability
morphine, codeine, and amphetamine are examples
Describe Class III controlled drugs (C-III)
abuse potential is less than C-I and C-II
moderate liability
examples are anabolic steroids
Describe Class IV controlled drugs (C-IV)
abuse potential is less than C-I, C-II, C-III
moderate liability
examples are butorphanol and diazepam
Describe Class V controlled drugs (C-V)
least abuse potential
limited liability
examples are buprenorphine, diphenoxylate with atropine
What must be on a controlled substances prescription for class II?
the full name and address of both the veterinarian and the owner, as well as the identity of the patient.
also the practitioner permit number.
How must the controlled substances prescription be written for Class II?
must be typewritten or written in ink or indelible pencil and signed by a registered practitioner.
How long can a controlled substances prescription last for Class II?
no refills are allowed
limited to a 34-day supply after that a new prescription order must be written.
How can controlled drugs be prescribed for Class III, IV, and V?
may be prescribed orally or in writing
May be refilled but not more than 5 times within 6 months from the date of the prescription.
Some Class V drugs may be sold OTC by the pharmacist under specific conditions.
The labels for Class II, III, V when dispensed for animal use must contain what lable?
“Caution: Federal Law prohibits the transfer of this drug to any person other than the (client and) patient for whom it was prescribed”
Extra-label use
Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act 1994 (AMDUCA) allows veterinarians to prescribe extra-label use
What is the FARAD?
The Food Animal Residues Avoidance Databank
a computer system that provides information including withdrawal times of all drugs approved for use in food-producing animals, official tolerances, and pharmacokinetics studies.
Nonproprietary (generic) drugs start with a?
lowercase letter
Brand (trade) name drugs start with a?
uppercase letter
Dosage form of drugs can be what?
solid
liquid
gas
tab
tablet
cap
capsule
pulv
powder
sol
solution
susp
suspension
elix
elixir
tinct
tincture
gtt
drop
oint
ointment
tablets or capsules may be available as what?
“sustained release”
“controlled release”
regular release
How are dosage of drugs written?
written as unit of mass per animal or per unit body weight
mg, g, gr, mg/kg, mg/lb, gr/lb
Drug route of administration
Topical or local
systemic (oral or parental)
IV
intravenous
IVPB
intravenous piggyback
IM
intramuscular
SC
SQ
subcutaneous
IP
intraperitoneal
IA
intra-arterial
PO
per os (oral)
PR
per rectum
Local into the eye
OS=(ocular sinister) = left eye
OD=(ocular dexter) = right eye
OU=(ocular uterque) = each eye
Local into the ear
AS (auris sinistra) = left ear
AD (auris destra) = right ear
AU (auris unitas) = both ears
Frequency (dose intervals)
time intervals between dose administrations
q
(quaque)
EVERY
h
(hora)
HOUR
d
(die)
DAY
min
MINUTE
s.i.d
(semel in die)
ONCE DAILY
b.i.d
(bis in die)
TWICE DAILY
t.i.d
(ter in die)
THREE TIMES DAILY
q.i.d
(quarter in die)
OUR TIMES DAILY
q.o.d
(quaque latera die)
EVERY OTHER DAY (q2d)
p.r.n
(pro re nata)
AS NEEDED
od
(omne die)
EVERY DAY
qd
(quaque die)
EVERY DAY
q6h
(quaque 6 hora)
EVERY 6 HOURS
q8h
(quaque 8 hora)
EVERY 8 HOURS
q12h
(quaque 12 hora)
EVERY 12 HOURS
stat
immediately, at once
a.c.
(ante cibum)
BEFORE MEALS
p.c.
(post cibum)
AFTER MEALS
ad. Lib.
(ad libitum)
AS DESIRED, FREELY
a
(ante)
BEFORE
p
(post)
AFTER
c
(cum)
WITH
s
WITHOUT
aq
(aqua)
WATER
et
AND
noct
NIGHT
Rx Procaine penicillin G 400,000 U IM q6h
Give 400,000 units of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly every 6 hours
Rx Dilantin 100 mg PO t.i.d.
Give 100 mg of Dilantin orally 3 times daily
Rx morphine sulfate 50 mg IM q4h p.r.n., pain
Give 50 mg of morphine sulfate intramuscularly every 4 hours as needed for pain
Rx Lasix 20 mg IV stat
Give 20 mg of Lasix intravenously immediately
FARAD
Food Animal Residues Avoidance Databank
