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Vet Exam Material > Veterinary Terminology: Blood and Lymphatics > Flashcards

Veterinary Terminology: Blood and Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

blood contains

A 
proteins
white blood cells
antibodies
platelets 
red blood cells
plasma
glucose 
and many more required substances
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2
Q

plasma

A

clear straw-colored liquid

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3
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

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4
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

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5
Q

thrombocytes

A

platelets

clotting cells

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6
Q

blood cells originate from..

A

marrow cavity of bones

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7
Q

red blood cells

A

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

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8
Q

white blood cells

A

fight infection

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9
Q

hematopoietic stem cells

A

blood forming cells that red and white blood cells arise from

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10
Q

erythroblast

A

immature erythrocyte

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11
Q

shape and reason for, of red blood cells

A

biconcave

to increase surface area so that the absorption and release of gases can take place

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12
Q

hemoglobin

A

composed of iron and protein

enables the erythrocyte to carry oxygen

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13
Q

oxyhemoglobin

A

the combination of oxygen and hemoglobin

produces the bright red color of blood

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14
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone secreted by the kidney that stimulates the production of erythrocytes

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15
Q

hemolysis

A

macrophages destroy worn-out erythrocytes

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16
Q

bilirubin

A

yellow/orange pigment that created from heme releasing iron and decomposing during hemolysis
is excreted into the bile by the liver and then excreted in the stool

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17
Q

five different types of mature leukocytes fall in these two types

A

polymorphonuclear granulocytic leukocytes

mononuclear agranulocytic

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18
Q

polymorphonuclear granulocytic leukocytes

A

basophil
neutrophil
eosinophil

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19
Q

mononuclear agranulocytic leukocytes

A

monocyte

lymphocyte

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20
Q

granulocytes (PMNs)

A

the most numerous leukocytes

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21
Q

basophils

A

contain dark-staining granules that stain with a basic dye

granules contain heparin and histamine

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22
Q

heparin

A

anti-clotting substance

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23
Q

histamine

A

a chemical released in allergic response

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24
Q

eosinophils

A

contain granules that stain with eosin, a red acidic dye

they increase in allergic responses and engulf substances that trigger the allergies

25
Q

neutrophils

A

contain granules that are neutral. they do not stain intensely with either acidic or basic dye
are phagocytes that accumulate at sites of infection, where they ingest and destroy bacteria

26
Q

colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)

A

specific proteins that promote the growth of granulocytes in bone marrow

27
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

they have multi-lobed nuclei

28
Q

mononuclear

A

containing one large nucleus

29
Q

lymphocytes

A

are made in the bone marrow and lymph nodes and circulate both in the bloodstream and in the parallel circulating system, the lymphatic system
play an important role in the immune response that protects the body against infection
they can directly attack foreign matter and in addition make antibodies, which neutralize and can lead to the destruction of foreign antigens

30
Q

monocytes

A

are phagocytic cells that also fight disease
move from bloodstream into tissues (as macrophage) and dispose of dead and dying cells and other tissue debris by phagocytosis

31
Q

platelets

thrombocytes

A

are formed in red bone marrow from megakaryocytes

the main function is to help blood to clot

32
Q

megokaryocytes

A

giant cells with multi-lobed nuclei

breaks off tiny fragments to form platelets

33
Q

plasma

A

the liquid part of blood that consists of water, dissolved proteins, sugar, wastes, salts, hormones,and other substances

34
Q

four major plasma proteins

A

albumin
globulins
fibrinogen
prothrombin

35
Q

albumin

A

maintains the proper proportion (and concentration) of water in the blood

36
Q

edema

A

swelling
results when too much fluid from the blood “leaks” out into the tissues
mild form from too much salt, to severe from fire burns

37
Q

globulins

A

there are alpha, beta, and gamma

gamma are immunoglobulins

38
Q

immunoglobulins

A

are antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens

39
Q

antigens

A

foreign substances

40
Q

examples of immunoglobulins

A 
IgG
IgA 
IgM
IgD
IgE
41
Q

electrophoresis

A

separates immunoglobulins from other plasma proteins
an electrical current passes through a solution of plasma, the different proteins in plasma separate as they migrate at different speeds to the source of the electricity

42
Q

whole blood

A

cells and plasma

43
Q

transfusions of whole blood

A

are used to replace blood lost after injury, during surgery, or in sever shock.

44
Q

packed red cells

A

whole blood with most of the plasma removed

pRBC

45
Q

blood types

A

has a specific combination of factors (antigens and antibodies)
inherited
acquired by 6 months of age

46
Q

hemolysis

A

breakdown of red blood cells

may occur by transfusing with wrong blood type

47
Q

blood clotting

coagulation

A

a complicated process involving many different substances and chemical reactions
final result is the formation of a fibrin clot from the plasma protein fibrinogen

48
Q

platelets in blood clotting

A

clump, or aggregate, at the site of injury

49
Q

fibrin threads

A

form a clot by trapping red blood cells

50
Q

serum

A

clear fluid left by a clot after it tightens

51
Q

thrombi

A

clots

do not form in blood vessels unless the vessel is damaged or the flow of blood is impeded

52
Q

emboli

A

floating clots

53
Q

heparin

A

produced by tissue cells (especially the liver)

anticoagulant

54
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

55
Q

aplastic anemia

A

failure of blood cell production due to aplasia of bone marrow cells
the cause of most case is unknown (idiopathic)

56
Q

aplasia

A

absence of development, formation

57
Q

pancytopenia

A

occurs when stem cells fail to produce leukocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes

58
Q

the primary function of blood

A

to maintain a constant environment for the other living tissues of the body
transports nutrients, gases, and wastes to and from the cells of the body

Vet Exam Material (47 decks)

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