Veterinary Terminology: Respiratory System Flashcards
cilia
fine hairs in nostrils/nares
paranasal sinuses
are hollow, air containing spaces within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity
mucus
a lubricating fluid
pharynx
where food/drink and air enter into the body
epiglottis
a flap of cartilage attached to the root of the tongue, preventing choking or aspiration of food
larynx
where air passes after passing through the epiglottis
trachea
is kept open by cartilaginous rings
are complete in some species and incomplete C-shaped in others
splits into two branches
bronchi
two branches divided from the trachea
leads to a separate lung and divides and subdivides into smaller and finer tubes (like branches on a tree)
bronchioles
the smaller bronchial branches
narrows into alveolar ducts
alveoli
the end of alveolar duct as a collection of air sacs
lined with a one-cell layer of epithelium
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide gases with blood flowing through lung capillaries
erythrocytes
are in the blood and carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body and carry carbon dioxide back from parts of the body to lungs for exhalation/removal
diaphragm
separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity and aid in the process of breathing
contracts and descends with each inhalation (inspiration) and exhalation (expiration)
avian species
there is a large disparity in tracheal length
no diaphragm have air sacs instead
lungs are attached to the ribs
the tissue is non-expandable
crocodiles respiratory differences
well-developed lungs
no true diaphragm
primary muscle groups are the intercostal muscles and two transverse membranes, the post-pulmonary and the post-hepatic which act as diaphragm
most lizards and primitive snakes respiratory differences
have two paired lungs highly evolved (left lung is reduced in size or absent) basic pattern of respiration is an exhilation followed by inspiration followed by a non-ventilatory period varying in length
turtle lungs
are usually paired and rigid, located directly under the shell
bottom of lungs is attached to the abdominal organs
ventilation is achieved by the up and down movement of the viscera, resulting in intrapulmonary pressure changes
alveolus (alveoli)
air sac in the lung
bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchi
terminal lead too alveolar ducts
bronchus
branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lung
cilia
thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract.
they clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung
diaphragm
muscle separating the chest and abdomen
epiglottis
lid-like pieces of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing
expiration
breathing out
glottis
slit-like opening in the larynx
inspiration
breathing in
lobe
division of a lung
mediastinum
region between the lungs in the chest cavity
it contains trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes
nares
openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities
paranasal sinus
one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose
auscultation
listening to sounds within the body
rale (crackle)
fine crackling sound heard on auscultation (during inspiration) when there is fluid in the alveoli
rhonchus (rhonchi)
loud rumbling sound heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by mucus
stridor
strained, high pitched relatively loud sound made on inspiration
associated with obstruction of the larynx or trachea
wheeze
continuos high pitched whistling sound heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration
epistaxis
nosebleed
commonly results from irritation of nasal mucous membranes, trauma, clotting abnormalities or hypertension
bronchiectasis
chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection in the lower lobes of the lung
chronic bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi persisting over time
atelectasis
incomplete expansion of the alveoli
collapsed, functionless, airless lung or portion of the lung
emphysema
hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
pneumonia
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of inflammatory reaction
pulmonary edema
swelling and fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles
pulmonary embolism
clot (thrombus) or other material lodges in the vessels of the lung
pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity)
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural space (cavity)
thoracocentesis
surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
thoracotomy
major surgical incision of the chest
thoracoscopy
visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope
tracheostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea, usually temporary
alveol/o
alveolus, air sac
bronch/o
bronchi/o
bronchial tube
bronchus
capn/o
carbon dioxide
cyan/o
blue
epiglott/o
epiglottis
laryng/o
larynx
lob/o
lobe of the lung
nas/o
nose
ox/o
oxygen
pharyng/o
pharynx
throat
phren/o
diaphragm
pleur/o
pleura
pneum/o
pneumon/o
air
lung
pulmon/o
lung
rhin/o
nose
sinus/o
sinus
cavity
spir/o
breathing
tel/o
complete
thorac/o
chest
trache/o
trachea
-ema
condition
-pnea
breathing
-ptysis
spitting
-sphyxia
pulse
-thorax
pleural cavity
chest
nostrils or nares
two openings in the nose where air enters the body
