Veterinary Pharma - General Pharmacology A Flashcards
A conjugated drug is usually:
a.Active
b.Inactive
c.Unchanged
d.All of the above
Inactive
Conjugation reaction comprise the phase II of drug biotransformation. These reactions result in polar, usually more water soluble compound that is most often therapeutically inactive
What does graded-dose response mean?
a.A dose needed to produce an effect
b.Individual animals either respond to the dose or none at all
c.An increase in the dose would produce an increase in response
d.Effects seen on an animal is independent of the dose given
An increase in the dose would produce an increase in response
The graded dose response refers to the rate of change in the intensity of a certain biologic system proportional to the change in drug concentration. Quantal dose response is an all or nothing relationship
Drug potency refers to:
a.Measure of how much drug is required to elicit a given response
b.Maximal response produced by a drug
c. Dose that produces an effect in 50% of the population
d.None of the above
Measure of how much drug is required to elicit a given response
Potency refers to the dose that must be administered to produce a particular
effect of given intensity.
The conjugation of a sulfate group to a drug:
a.Activates the drug
b.Makes the drug polar
c. Is a phase I biotransformation reaction
d.Occurs at the same rate in adults and in neonates
Makes the drug polar
Sulfation is a part of phase II drug biotransformation. Phase II biotransformation makes a drug polar and increases its solubility in water
Which of the following drugs require an S2 license?
a.Ursodeoxycholic acid
b.Finasteride
c. Levothyroxine
d.Fentanyl
Fentanyl
A drug can do the following except:
a.A drug may be a poison
b.A drug may induce a pharmacological or a physiological effect
c.A drug may confer qualitative effects
d.A drug may be toxic to one organism but not to another
A drug may confer qualitative effects
Drugs cannot create new bodily functions. They can only modify pre
existing bodily functions
The following statements accurately describe pharmacodynamics except:
a.Temporal changes in the concentration of drugs within the body
b.Pinpoints the sites at which drugs produce their effects
c. Describes how biologic effects are produced
d.Identifies the influences that affect the safety and efficacy of drugs
Temporal changes in the concentration of drugs within the body
This describes pharmacokinetics
Drugs cannot easily pass through the following except:
a.Blood brain barrier
b.Blood testicular barrier
c.Placenta
d.None of the above
None of the above
All are specialized barriers
What is the most dangerous route of administration?
a. IM
b.IV
c.SC
d.IP
IV
Drugs administered via IV produce their
effects almost immediately. All of the drug is also absorbed
This animal species can eat deadly nightshade
a.Cats
b.Pigs
c.Rabbits
d.Dogs
Rabbits
Atropine produces no adverse effects on rabbits because of the presence of atropinase. The drug is hydrolyzed in their plasma
A basic drug was administered orally. What would happen once the drug has reached the stomach?
a. Drug ionization is enhanced
b.Drug ionization is suppressed
c.A and B
d.NOTA
Drug ionization is enhanced
Weak bases ionize/dissociate in acidic portions of the GI tract. This decreases their ability to diffuse through the lipid portion of membranes.
The following would delay the transport of the drug from the stomach to the intestine except:
a.Parasympathetic stimulation
b.Exercise
c.Stress
d.The presence of food in the stomach
Parasympathetic stimulation
Parasympathetic input increases the rate of gastric emptying.
This animal species have a high susceptibility to sulfonamide toxicity
a. Dogs
b.Cats
c.Pigs
d.Horses
Dogs
Acetylation occurs in the reticuloendothelial cells in the liver. Examples of drugs that undergo acetylation include: sulfonamides, clonazepam, and procainamide
Which of the following drugs is excreted in the urine unchanged?
a. Lipid-soluble drugs
b.Hydrophobic drugs
c. Hydrophilic drugs
d.None of the above
Hydrophilic drugs
Hydrophilic drugs are often excreted in the urine unchanged. Hydrophobic drugs may be reduced to a more water soluble form before being excreted
Atropine acts at which receptor?
a.A1
b.B1
c.Nicotinic
d.Muscarinic
Muscarinic
Atropine is an anti-muscarinic
At which site are you going to administer a local anesthetic drug if you wish to perform a caudal epidural anesthesia in Cattle?
a. 1st and 2nd coccygeal vertebra
b.Lumbosacral
c.Sacrococcygeal
d.2nd and 3rd coccygeal
1st and 2nd coccygeal vertebra
Caudal epidural in Horses – 1st and 2nd
coccygeal junction
High epidural -Lumbosacral junction
This drug may cause irreversible inhibition of plasma
pseudocholinesterase activity
a.Carbaryl
b.Penicillin
c.Malathion
d.Phenylbutazone
Malathion
Malathion is an organophosphate. An anticholinesterase agent, they irreversibly bind to acetylcholinesterase via phosphorylation
The rumen may serve as an ion trap for which type of drugs?
a.Basic
b.Acidic
c.Neutral
d.NOTA
Basic
Basic drugs ionize freely in an acidic environment thus, limiting their absorption in this compartment
What type of drug interaction occurs if metoclopramide is given with loperamide?
a.Antagonism
b.Potentiation
c.Synergism
d.Additive effect
Antagonism
Metoclopramide is a prokinetic agent, Loperamide is an opioid.
Which of the following NSAID’s is the most effective at alleviating visceral pain especially those that are related to colic?
a.Celecoxib
b.Flunixin meglumine
c. Firocoxib
d.Phenylbutazone
Flunixin meglumine
In horses, flunixin alleviates colic but may mask behavioral and cardiopulmonary signs of endotoxemia and or intestinal devitalization