Veterinary Pharma - Clinical Pharmacology NSAIDs Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the important drug groups for veterinary clinical pharmacology? (9) NGACDBRDC
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Glucocorticoids
Autacoids
Cardiovascular drugs
Diuretics
Drugs affecting blood coagulation
Drugs affecting respiratory system
Drugs affecting digestive system
Chemotherapy
What are the drugs under the NSAID group (14) ASMNIKMAFIPDOP
Aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid
Sodium salicylate
Methylsalicylic acid
Naproxen
Ibuprofen
Ketoprofen
Meclofenamic acid
Acetaminophen/paracetamol
Flunixin meglumine
Indomethacin
Phenylbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone
Piroxicam
What are the general properties of NSAID drugs?
Weak acid
Binds well with protein
Accumulates in stomach, kidneys and small intestine
Inhibits enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) that form prostaglandin
Reduce pain in inflamed tissue/s
Reduce fever
A unique NSAID drug that is recently introduced which inhibits Lipoxygenase
Tepoxalin
Of the two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX), which one is present in all tissues, and catalyzes formation of prostaglandin?
COX -1
What physiological effects does prostaglandin usually do that NSAIDs mediate? (3)
Hemostasis
Gastrointestinal mucosal protection
Kidney protection from hypotensive insult
These are all the physiological response that drugs affecting COX - 1 mediate when taken
Of the two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX), which one is activated only in damaged and inflamed tissues, and catalyzes formation of prostaglandin and prostaglandin E2?
COX - 2
What physiological effect happens when the prostaglandin and prostaglandin E2 (dinoprostone) production is mediated?
Intensification inflammatory response
What physiological effects does the prostaglandin E2 do?
Thermoregulation
Pain response to injury
This action of NSAIDs is the one responsible for antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory response.
COX - 2 inhibition
This action of NSAIDs is responsible for unwanted gastric ulceration and renal toxicity
COX - 1 inhibition
What NSAID drugs produce favorable ratios of COX - 1 and COX -2 inhibition in dogs? (3) CMD
Caprofen
Meloxicam
Deracoxib
What NSAID drugs produce unfavorable ratios of COX - 1 and COX -2 inhibition in dogs? (3) APP
Aspirin
Phenylbutazone
Piroxicam
NSAID drugs that are considered chondrotoxic because they they inhibit synthesis of cartilage proteoglycans. (3) ANI
Aspirin
Naproxen
Ibuprofen
NSAID drugs that are considered Chondroneutral, meaning they may they inhibit synthesis of cartilage proteoglycans, depending their dose. (2) CM
Caprofen
Meloxicam
NSAID drug that has been shown to reduce tumor size such in transitional cell carcinoma in dogs.
Piroxicam
Food can impair oral absorption of NSAID drugs in these animals (2)
Horses
Ruminants
Does NSAID drugs undergo enterohepatic circulation: Yes or no?
Yes
Some, specifically Naproxen, etodolac, and meclofenamic acid
Based on structure, most NSAID can be divided into these two (2) groups/derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Enolic acid
What are the subdivisions of Enolic acid NSAIDs? (2)
Pyrazolones
Oxicams
Enolic acid NSAID are subdivided into pyrazolones and oxicams. What NSAIDs are under pyrazolones? (3) POR
Phenylbutazone
Oxyphenbutazone
Ramifenazone
Enolic acid NSAID are also called pyrazolones and oxicams. What NSAIDs are under oxicams? (3) MPT
Meloxicam
Piroxicam
Tenoxicam
What are the subdivisions of Carboxylic acid NSAIDs? (6) SPAPAI
Salicylates
Proprionic acids
Anthranilic acids
Phenylacetic acids
Aminonicotinic acids
Indolines
Carboxylic acid NSAID are subdivided into 6 subgroups. What NSAID drug is under Salicylates?
Aspirin
