Veterinary Pharma - Clinical Pharmacology A

Question 1

Which of the following is the bacterial site of action for penicillin
drugs?
a.30S ribosomal subunit
b.DNA gyrase enzyme
c.Transpeptidase enzyme
d.50s ribosomal subunit

Answer 1

Transpeptidase enzyme

Question 2

A 10kg dog is diagnosed of Staphylococci urinary tract infection.
What is the total daily dose of Co-amoxiclav should the dog receive?
a.300mg
b.375mg
c.500mg
d.750mg

Answer 2

300mg

(10kg x 25mg/kg ) 3 times a day = 750mg

Question 3

Which of the following is the bacterial site of action for polymixin
drugs?
a.30S ribosomal subunit
b.DNA gyrase enzyme
c.Transpeptidase enzyme
d. Lipopolysaccharides

Answer 3

Lipopolysaccharides

Question 4

Which of the following is the bacterial site of action for
cephalosphorins drugs?
a.30S ribosomal subunit
b.DNA gyrase enzyme
c.Transpeptidase enzyme
d.50s ribosomal subunit

Answer 4

Transpeptidase enzyme

Question 5

Concerning cephalosporins, which of the following statement is least
accurate?
a.They are bactericidal
b.They penetrate gram-negative bacteria than penicillins
c.They are more susceptible to B-lactamases than penicillins
d.They interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis

Answer 5

They are more susceptible to B-lactamases than penicillins

Question 6

Which of the following is the bacterial site of action for quinolones
drugs?
a.30S ribosomal subunit
b.DNA gyrase enzyme
c.Transpeptidase enzyme
d.50s ribosomal subunit

Answer 6

DNA gyrase enzyme

Question 7

A 3kg cat is prescribed with enrofloxacin. What is the total daily
dose should the cat?
a. 15mg
b.20mg
c.30mg
d.50mg

Answer 7

15mg

(3kg x 5mg/kg ) 1x a day = 15mg

Question 8

Which drug is used against Mycobacteria that may cause orange color urine, saliva, tears, and sweat:
a. Isoniazid
b.Rifampin
c. Carbenicillin
d.Ceftazidime

Answer 8

Rifampin

Question 9

What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
a. False folate analogue
b.Thiamine analogue
c.Purine analogue
d.Pyrimidine analogue

Answer 9

False folate analogue

Question 10

What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?
a.Bind to 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibit peptidyltransferase
activity
b.Reversible binding to 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibition of
ribosomal translocation
c.Bind to 30s resulting in interference with aminoacyl tRNA binding to
A site
d.Inhibition of DNA synthesis by disruption of DNA gyrase

Answer 10

Bind to 30s resulting in interference with aminoacyl tRNA binding to
A site

Question 11

A 10kg dog was diagnosed of Heartworm infection. What is the
total dose of doxycycline should the dog receive per day?
a.50mg
b.100mg
c.200mg
d.500mg

Answer 11

200mg

(10kg x 10mg/kg ) 2 times a day = 200mg

Question 12

Which of the following antibiotics bind to 50s ribosomal subunit?
a.Macrolide
b.Lincosamides
c. Chloramphenicol
d.All of the above

Answer 12

All of the above

Question 13

A patient was diagnosed of Giardiasis. You decided to treat using metronidazole. What is the action of metronidazole?
a. Disrupt protein/DNA synthesis due to toxic radical
formations
b.Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30s ribosomal
subunit
c. Inhibits DNA gyrase, preventing bacterial DNA synthesis
d.Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Answer 13

Disrupt protein/DNA synthesis due to toxic radical formations

Question 14

A 5kg cat was diagnosed of Giardiasis. What is the total dose of
metronidazole should the cat receive per day?
a. 100mg
b.125mg
c.250mg
d.500mg

Answer 14

250mg

(5kg x 25mg/kg ) 2 times a day = 250mg

Question 15

An adult non-pregnant cat is diagnosed of feline chlamydial
conjunctivitis, what is the drug of choice?
a. Doxycycline
b.Erythromycin
c.Azithromycin
d.Co-amoxiclav

Answer 15

Doxycycline

Erythromycin and azithromycin are used in pregnant and young cats. Co-amoxiclav is an alternative drug only

Question 16

A cat with rickettsial infection was given an antibiotic that resulted to retinal damage. What drug is most likely to cause this in cats?
a. Doxycycline
b.Enrofloxacin
c. Clindamycin
d.Co-amoxiclav

Answer 16

Enrofloxacin

> 5mg/kg/day causes retinopathy in cats

Question 17

Which among these drugs is most nephrotoxic?
a.Ampicillin
b.Enrofloxacin
c. Erythromycin
d.Gentamicin

Answer 17

Gentamicin

It is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that can cause nephrotoxicity

Question 18

Horses with equine distemper is treated with:
a.Procaine penicillin
b.Dexamethasone
c. Furosemide
d.Azithromycin

Answer 18

Procaine penicillin

22000 IU/kg IM bid

Question 19

Injectable tilmicosin is contraindicated in:
a. sheep
b.rabbit
c.pigs
d.cow

Answer 19

Pigs

May be fatal if injected by any route in swine, horses,
or goats. Can be fatal in human. Oral concentrate can be given in swine

Question 20

The main indication of this drug is for the treatment of swine
dysentery and mycoplasmal arthritis:
a.tylosin
b.tiamulin
c.tilmicosin
d.norfloxacin

Answer 20

Tiamulin

Tiamulin is active against gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasmas, and anaerobes. It is clinically effective in the treatment of swine
dysentery and mycoplasmal arthritis.

Question 21

Tiamulin should not be given concurrently with:
a.Tylosin
b.Amoxicillin
c. Monensin
d.Tilmicosin

Answer 21

Monensin

In poultry, tiamulin interferes with monensin and
salinomycin metabolism, and if the drugs are fed
together, they become toxic

Question 22

Avian chlamydiosis was diagnosed in a flock, what will be the antibiotic of choice?
a. Chlortetracycline
b.Oxytetracycline
c. Doxycycline
d.All of the above

Answer 22

All of the above

Tetracyclines are the antibiotic of choice 400-750g/ton of feed for 2 weeks; no calcium supplementation. For elimination of organism: 45 days medicated feed

Question 23

A flock was diagnosed of Mycoplasmosis, which of the following will not be effective in treating this condition:
a.Tylosin
b.Tetracyclines
c.Penicillins
d.None of the above

Answer 23

Penicillins

All antibiotic that acts on cell wall will not be effective since mycoplasma has no cell wall. Tylosin and Tetracyclines are commonly used to reduce egg transmission or as prophylactic treatment

Question 24

You are prescribing doxycycline to a dog. What is recommended
to be given simultaneously with doxycycline?
a. Iron
b.Calcium
c.Zinc
d.None of the above

Answer 24

None of the above

Doxycycline and tetracyclines in general are poorly
absorbed orally with cations

Question 25

A dog with keratoconjunctivitis sicca need to be prescribed with antibiotic. Which should be the least of your options: a.Enrofloxacin b.Amoxicillin c. Cephalexin d.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Answer 25

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Contraindicated to KCS. May cause idiosyncratic reactions (blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, arthropathy, skin eruptions) - hematuria

Question 26

Tylosin is contraindicated in which animals? a. Dogs b.Cats c. Cattle d.Horse

Answer 26

Horse May cause colitis

Question 27

Which of the following drugs will not be effective in anaerobic infections? a. Clindamycin b.Chloramphenicol c. Gentamicin d.Metronidazole

Answer 27

Gentamicin Bactericidal but requires an oxygen-rich atmosphere to be effective; therefore obligate anaerobic bacteria are resistant

Question 28

Calf diphtheria is diagnosed in a young cattle. Which drug is indicated: a.Tylosin b.Tilmicosin c. Ceftiofur d.Oxytetracycline

Answer 28

Oxytetracycline 20mg/kg every 72hr (Oxytet LA). Procaine penicillin is the drug of choice

Question 29

To prevent shipping fever pneumonia, metaphylaxis of which antibiotic is widely used? a.Oxytetracycline b. Tilmicosin c.Tulathromycin d.All of the above

Answer 29

All of the above Long acting antibotics given “on arrival” to cattle at high risk. Also gamithromycin, tildipirosin

Question 30

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is endemic in your area, which of the following drugs can be effective in managing cases: a.Tylosin b.Procaine penicillin c. Chloramphenicol d. Metronidazole

Answer 30

Tylosin 10mg/kg IM bid 6 injections. Also danofloxacin 2.5mg/kg/day for 3 days

Question 31

At MIC concentrations, which antibiotic is more likely to be bactericidal? a.Potentiated Trimethoprim/sulfonamides b.Spectinomycin c.Tetracycline d.Lincosamide

Answer 31

Potentiated Trimethoprim/sulfonamides

Question 32

At MIC concentrations, which antibiotic is more likely to be bacteriostatic? a. Chloramphenicol b. Amikacin c. Ceftiofur d.rifampin

Answer 32

Chloramphenicol

Question 33

Which does not belong to the group: a.Tilmicosin b.Tylosin c. Erythromycin d.Clindamycin

Answer 33

Clindamycin It is a lincosamide. The rest are macrolides

Question 34

Which antibiotic is safe to give in pregnant animal: a.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole b.Cefazolin c. Doxycycline d.Metronidazole

Answer 34

Cefazolin All have teratogenic side effects

Question 35

A cat was prescribed with antibiotic and after few days showed cerebello-vestibular neurologic signs. What is most likely the antibiotic prescribed? a.Ampicillin b.Enrofloxacin c. Clindamycin d.metronidazole

Answer 35

Metronidazole

Question 36

Which among these anthelmintics has capability to disrupt intracellular microtubular transport system? a.pyrantel b.febendazole c. ivermectin d.praziquantel

Answer 36

Febendazole (a)Pyrantel – activates nicotinic receptors (spastic paralysis) (c)Ivermectin – binds to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels (flaccid paralysis) (d)Praziquantel – interacts with phospholipid of integument; increases Ca ion influx

Question 37

All except one can be used to treat whipworm infections? a.Milbemycin b.Febantel c. Moxidectin d.Pyrantel

Answer 37

Pyrantel All other drugs have actions against Tricuris vulpis

Question 38

This anthelminthic is excreted in milk and is not recommended when milk is intended for human consumption: a. ivermectin b.albendazole c.pyrantel d.levamisole

Answer 38

Ivermectin Ivermectin and doramectin are excreted in milk and are not recommended when milk is intended for human consumption; - commensurate with their long period of activity, they have significant withholding periods before slaughter (eg, 35 days), which vary with the formulations (and local regulations). - Eprinomectin has no withdrawal period

Question 39

Levamisole is not recommended to which species: a.Horse b.Cattle c.Poultry d.Pig

Answer 39

Horse Low margin of safety in horse two metabolites of levamisole—aminorex and pemoline—are stimulants and therefore categorized as banned substances in racehorses

Question 40

You decided to treat ascarids infection in your chickens. What is the mechanism of action of piperazine? a.Binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels of nematode and arthropod nerve cells b.Depolarizes nicotinic receptors leading to paralysis c.Binds to GABA-gated chloride channels of nematode and arthropod nerve cells d.Inhibits tubulin formation

Answer 40

Binds to GABA-gated chloride channels of nematode and arthropod nerve cells -glutamate-gated ion channel = macrocyclic lactone -cholinergic agonists = imidothiazole and tetrahydropyrimidines -tubulin formation inhibition = benzimidazole

Question 41

Which of the following dewormers inhibits acetylcholinesterase? a.Morantel b.Coumaphos c.Butamisole d.Netobimin

Answer 41

Coumaphos

Question 42

Which of the following dewormers will not be effective against canine hookworm: a. Febendazole b.Moxidectin c.Praziquantel d.Pyrantel

Answer 42

Praziquantel

Question 43

Which of the following dewormers is not approved for treatment of Toxocara cati infection in cats: a.Milbemycin oxime b.Praziquantel + Pyrantel c.Selamectin d.Ivermectin

Answer 43

Ivermectin

Question 44

Which does not belong to the group? a.Acyclovir b.Lysine c.Oseltamivir d.Doxorubicin

Answer 44

Doxorubicin It is an antineoplastic drug. The rest are antiviral drugs

Question 45

This is an alkylating antineoplastic drug: a. cyclophosphamide b.vincristine c.doxorubicin d.glucocorticoids

Answer 45

Cyclophosphamide Alkylating agents: cyclophosphamide & chlorambucil

Question 46

What is the mechanism of action of vincristine: a. antimetabolite b.Mitotic inhibitor c. Hormonal agent d.cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic

Answer 46

Mitotic inhibitor alkylating agents cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil antimetabolites fluorouracil methotrexate mitotic inhibitors vinca alkaloids (vincristine) antineoplastic antibiotics doxorubicn hormonal agents glucocorticoid miscellaneous cisplatin

Question 47

Which of the following drugs is used as anti-feline herpes virus: a.Acyclovir b.Lysine c.Oseltamivir d.Remdesivir

Answer 47

Lysine It is an amino acid prescribed to suppress the shedding and reduce the severity of clinical signs associated with FHV-1 infections in cats. 250-500mg/cat SID-BID

Question 48

Which of the following drugs has been suggested as adjunct treatment for canine parvoviral infections: a.Acyclovir b.Lysine c.Oseltamivir d.Remdesivir

Answer 48

Oseltamivir Extra-label use. Neuraminidase inhibitor

Question 49

You are prescribing griseofulvin to a patient with fungal disease. Which is the best recommendation: a.Give it with fatty food b.Give it on empty stomach c. Give renal supplements d. Safe for pregnant

Answer 49

Give it with fatty food Griseofulvin can cause hepatic failure. Can cause bone marrow depression in kittens and cats with FIV

Question 50

What is the mechanism of action of amphotericin B: a. Disrupts cell’s mitotic spindle b.Interferes with ergosterol synthesis c. Disrupts RNA and protein synthesis d.keratolytic

Answer 50

Interferes with ergosterol synthesis Other drugs that interferes with ergosterol are the azoles (ketoconazole, itraconazole), nystatin, terbinafine. (a)Disrupt mitotic spindle = griseofulvin. (b)Disrupt RNA and protein synthesis = flucytosine. (d)Keratolytic = benzoic acid, salicylic acid