Veterinary Pharma - Clinical Pharmacology A Flashcards
Which of the following is the bacterial site of action for penicillin
drugs?
a.30S ribosomal subunit
b.DNA gyrase enzyme
c.Transpeptidase enzyme
d.50s ribosomal subunit
Transpeptidase enzyme
A 10kg dog is diagnosed of Staphylococci urinary tract infection.
What is the total daily dose of Co-amoxiclav should the dog receive?
a.300mg
b.375mg
c.500mg
d.750mg
300mg
(10kg x 25mg/kg ) 3 times a day = 750mg
Which of the following is the bacterial site of action for polymixin
drugs?
a.30S ribosomal subunit
b.DNA gyrase enzyme
c.Transpeptidase enzyme
d. Lipopolysaccharides
Lipopolysaccharides
Which of the following is the bacterial site of action for
cephalosphorins drugs?
a.30S ribosomal subunit
b.DNA gyrase enzyme
c.Transpeptidase enzyme
d.50s ribosomal subunit
Transpeptidase enzyme
Concerning cephalosporins, which of the following statement is least
accurate?
a.They are bactericidal
b.They penetrate gram-negative bacteria than penicillins
c.They are more susceptible to B-lactamases than penicillins
d.They interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis
They are more susceptible to B-lactamases than penicillins
Which of the following is the bacterial site of action for quinolones
drugs?
a.30S ribosomal subunit
b.DNA gyrase enzyme
c.Transpeptidase enzyme
d.50s ribosomal subunit
DNA gyrase enzyme
A 3kg cat is prescribed with enrofloxacin. What is the total daily
dose should the cat?
a. 15mg
b.20mg
c.30mg
d.50mg
15mg
(3kg x 5mg/kg ) 1x a day = 15mg
Which drug is used against Mycobacteria that may cause orange color urine, saliva, tears, and sweat:
a. Isoniazid
b.Rifampin
c. Carbenicillin
d.Ceftazidime
Rifampin
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides?
a. False folate analogue
b.Thiamine analogue
c.Purine analogue
d.Pyrimidine analogue
False folate analogue
What is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines?
a.Bind to 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibit peptidyltransferase
activity
b.Reversible binding to 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibition of
ribosomal translocation
c.Bind to 30s resulting in interference with aminoacyl tRNA binding to
A site
d.Inhibition of DNA synthesis by disruption of DNA gyrase
Bind to 30s resulting in interference with aminoacyl tRNA binding to
A site
A 10kg dog was diagnosed of Heartworm infection. What is the
total dose of doxycycline should the dog receive per day?
a.50mg
b.100mg
c.200mg
d.500mg
200mg
(10kg x 10mg/kg ) 2 times a day = 200mg
Which of the following antibiotics bind to 50s ribosomal subunit?
a.Macrolide
b.Lincosamides
c. Chloramphenicol
d.All of the above
All of the above
A patient was diagnosed of Giardiasis. You decided to treat using metronidazole. What is the action of metronidazole?
a. Disrupt protein/DNA synthesis due to toxic radical
formations
b.Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30s ribosomal
subunit
c. Inhibits DNA gyrase, preventing bacterial DNA synthesis
d.Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Disrupt protein/DNA synthesis due to toxic radical formations
A 5kg cat was diagnosed of Giardiasis. What is the total dose of
metronidazole should the cat receive per day?
a. 100mg
b.125mg
c.250mg
d.500mg
250mg
(5kg x 25mg/kg ) 2 times a day = 250mg
An adult non-pregnant cat is diagnosed of feline chlamydial
conjunctivitis, what is the drug of choice?
a. Doxycycline
b.Erythromycin
c.Azithromycin
d.Co-amoxiclav
Doxycycline
Erythromycin and azithromycin are used in pregnant and young cats. Co-amoxiclav is an alternative drug only
A cat with rickettsial infection was given an antibiotic that resulted to retinal damage. What drug is most likely to cause this in cats?
a. Doxycycline
b.Enrofloxacin
c. Clindamycin
d.Co-amoxiclav
Enrofloxacin
> 5mg/kg/day causes retinopathy in cats
Which among these drugs is most nephrotoxic?
a.Ampicillin
b.Enrofloxacin
c. Erythromycin
d.Gentamicin
Gentamicin
It is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that can cause nephrotoxicity
Horses with equine distemper is treated with:
a.Procaine penicillin
b.Dexamethasone
c. Furosemide
d.Azithromycin
Procaine penicillin
22000 IU/kg IM bid
Injectable tilmicosin is contraindicated in:
a. sheep
b.rabbit
c.pigs
d.cow
Pigs
May be fatal if injected by any route in swine, horses,
or goats. Can be fatal in human. Oral concentrate can be given in swine
The main indication of this drug is for the treatment of swine
dysentery and mycoplasmal arthritis:
a.tylosin
b.tiamulin
c.tilmicosin
d.norfloxacin
Tiamulin
Tiamulin is active against gram-positive bacteria, mycoplasmas, and anaerobes. It is clinically effective in the treatment of swine
dysentery and mycoplasmal arthritis.
Tiamulin should not be given concurrently with:
a.Tylosin
b.Amoxicillin
c. Monensin
d.Tilmicosin
Monensin
In poultry, tiamulin interferes with monensin and
salinomycin metabolism, and if the drugs are fed
together, they become toxic
Avian chlamydiosis was diagnosed in a flock, what will be the antibiotic of choice?
a. Chlortetracycline
b.Oxytetracycline
c. Doxycycline
d.All of the above
All of the above
Tetracyclines are the antibiotic of choice 400-750g/ton of feed for 2 weeks; no calcium supplementation. For elimination of organism: 45 days medicated feed
A flock was diagnosed of Mycoplasmosis, which of the following will not be effective in treating this condition:
a.Tylosin
b.Tetracyclines
c.Penicillins
d.None of the above
Penicillins
All antibiotic that acts on cell wall will not be effective since mycoplasma has no cell wall. Tylosin and Tetracyclines are commonly used to reduce egg transmission or as prophylactic treatment
You are prescribing doxycycline to a dog. What is recommended
to be given simultaneously with doxycycline?
a. Iron
b.Calcium
c.Zinc
d.None of the above
None of the above
Doxycycline and tetracyclines in general are poorly
absorbed orally with cations
A dog with keratoconjunctivitis sicca need to be prescribed with
antibiotic. Which should be the least of your options:
a.Enrofloxacin
b.Amoxicillin
c. Cephalexin
d.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Contraindicated to KCS. May cause idiosyncratic reactions (blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, arthropathy, skin
eruptions) - hematuria
Tylosin is contraindicated in which animals?
a. Dogs
b.Cats
c. Cattle
d.Horse
Horse
May cause colitis
Which of the following drugs will not be effective in anaerobic infections?
a. Clindamycin
b.Chloramphenicol
c. Gentamicin
d.Metronidazole
Gentamicin
Bactericidal but requires an oxygen-rich atmosphere to be effective; therefore obligate anaerobic bacteria are resistant
Calf diphtheria is diagnosed in a young cattle. Which drug is
indicated:
a.Tylosin
b.Tilmicosin
c. Ceftiofur
d.Oxytetracycline
Oxytetracycline
20mg/kg every 72hr (Oxytet LA). Procaine penicillin is the drug of choice
To prevent shipping fever pneumonia, metaphylaxis of which antibiotic is widely used?
a.Oxytetracycline
b. Tilmicosin
c.Tulathromycin
d.All of the above
All of the above
Long acting antibotics given “on arrival” to cattle at high risk. Also gamithromycin, tildipirosin
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia is endemic in your area, which of the following drugs can be effective in managing cases:
a.Tylosin
b.Procaine penicillin
c. Chloramphenicol
d. Metronidazole
Tylosin
10mg/kg IM bid 6 injections. Also danofloxacin 2.5mg/kg/day for 3 days
At MIC concentrations, which antibiotic is more likely to be
bactericidal?
a.Potentiated Trimethoprim/sulfonamides
b.Spectinomycin
c.Tetracycline
d.Lincosamide
Potentiated Trimethoprim/sulfonamides
At MIC concentrations, which antibiotic is more likely to be
bacteriostatic?
a. Chloramphenicol
b. Amikacin
c. Ceftiofur
d.rifampin
Chloramphenicol
Which does not belong to the group:
a.Tilmicosin
b.Tylosin
c. Erythromycin
d.Clindamycin
Clindamycin
It is a lincosamide. The rest are macrolides
Which antibiotic is safe to give in pregnant animal:
a.Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
b.Cefazolin
c. Doxycycline
d.Metronidazole
Cefazolin
All have teratogenic side effects
A cat was prescribed with antibiotic and after few days showed cerebello-vestibular neurologic signs. What is most likely the antibiotic prescribed?
a.Ampicillin
b.Enrofloxacin
c. Clindamycin
d.metronidazole
Metronidazole
Which among these anthelmintics has capability to disrupt
intracellular microtubular transport system?
a.pyrantel
b.febendazole
c. ivermectin
d.praziquantel
Febendazole
(a)Pyrantel – activates nicotinic receptors (spastic paralysis)
(c)Ivermectin – binds to glutamate-gated chloride ion channels (flaccid paralysis)
(d)Praziquantel – interacts with phospholipid of integument; increases Ca ion influx
All except one can be used to treat whipworm infections?
a.Milbemycin
b.Febantel
c. Moxidectin
d.Pyrantel
Pyrantel
All other drugs have actions against Tricuris vulpis
This anthelminthic is excreted in milk and is not recommended when milk is intended for human consumption:
a. ivermectin
b.albendazole
c.pyrantel
d.levamisole
Ivermectin
Ivermectin and doramectin are excreted in milk and
are not recommended when milk is intended for
human consumption;
- commensurate with their long period of activity, they
have significant withholding periods before slaughter
(eg, 35 days), which vary with the formulations (and
local regulations).
- Eprinomectin has no withdrawal period
Levamisole is not recommended to which species:
a.Horse
b.Cattle
c.Poultry
d.Pig
Horse
Low margin of safety in horse
two metabolites of levamisole—aminorex and
pemoline—are stimulants and therefore categorized
as banned substances in racehorses
You decided to treat ascarids infection in your chickens. What is the mechanism of action of piperazine?
a.Binds to glutamate-gated chloride channels of nematode and
arthropod nerve cells
b.Depolarizes nicotinic receptors leading to paralysis
c.Binds to GABA-gated chloride channels of nematode and arthropod nerve cells
d.Inhibits tubulin formation
Binds to GABA-gated chloride channels of nematode and arthropod nerve cells
-glutamate-gated ion channel = macrocyclic lactone
-cholinergic agonists = imidothiazole and tetrahydropyrimidines
-tubulin formation inhibition = benzimidazole
Which of the following dewormers inhibits acetylcholinesterase?
a.Morantel
b.Coumaphos
c.Butamisole
d.Netobimin
Coumaphos
Which of the following dewormers will not be effective against canine hookworm:
a. Febendazole
b.Moxidectin
c.Praziquantel
d.Pyrantel
Praziquantel
Which of the following dewormers is not approved for treatment of Toxocara cati infection in cats:
a.Milbemycin oxime
b.Praziquantel + Pyrantel
c.Selamectin
d.Ivermectin
Ivermectin
Which does not belong to the group?
a.Acyclovir
b.Lysine
c.Oseltamivir
d.Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin
It is an antineoplastic drug. The rest are antiviral drugs
This is an alkylating antineoplastic drug:
a. cyclophosphamide
b.vincristine
c.doxorubicin
d.glucocorticoids
Cyclophosphamide
Alkylating agents:
cyclophosphamide & chlorambucil
What is the mechanism of action of vincristine:
a. antimetabolite
b.Mitotic inhibitor
c. Hormonal agent
d.cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic
Mitotic inhibitor
alkylating agents
cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil
antimetabolites
fluorouracil
methotrexate
mitotic inhibitors
vinca alkaloids (vincristine)
antineoplastic antibiotics
doxorubicn
hormonal agents
glucocorticoid
miscellaneous
cisplatin
Which of the following drugs is used as anti-feline herpes virus:
a.Acyclovir
b.Lysine
c.Oseltamivir
d.Remdesivir
Lysine
It is an amino acid prescribed to suppress the
shedding and reduce the severity of clinical
signs associated with FHV-1 infections in cats. 250-500mg/cat SID-BID
Which of the following drugs has been suggested as adjunct treatment for canine parvoviral infections:
a.Acyclovir
b.Lysine
c.Oseltamivir
d.Remdesivir
Oseltamivir
Extra-label use. Neuraminidase inhibitor
You are prescribing griseofulvin to a patient with fungal disease.
Which is the best recommendation:
a.Give it with fatty food
b.Give it on empty stomach
c. Give renal supplements
d. Safe for pregnant
Give it with fatty food
Griseofulvin can cause hepatic failure. Can cause bone marrow depression in kittens and cats with FIV
What is the mechanism of action of amphotericin B:
a. Disrupts cell’s mitotic spindle
b.Interferes with ergosterol synthesis
c. Disrupts RNA and protein synthesis
d.keratolytic
Interferes with ergosterol synthesis
Other drugs that interferes with ergosterol are the
azoles (ketoconazole, itraconazole), nystatin,
terbinafine. (a)Disrupt mitotic spindle = griseofulvin. (b)Disrupt RNA and protein synthesis = flucytosine. (d)Keratolytic = benzoic acid, salicylic acid
