Veterinary Pharma - Clinical Pharmacology Autacoids Flashcards
Autacoids
What are the important drug groups for veterinary clinical pharmacology? (9) NGACDBRDC
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Glucocorticoids
Autacoids
Cardiovascular drugs
Diuretics
Drugs affecting blood coagulation
Drugs affecting respiratory system
Drugs affecting digestive system
Chemotherapy
What substances are synthesized and function in a localized area in repond to injury? They generally are mediators of inflammation.
Autacoids
What are the three (3) classes of autacoids?
Biogenic amines
Phospholipid-derived autacoids
Polypeptides
What autocoids are under the class biogenic amines?
Histamine
Serotonin
What are autacoids under the class phospholipid-derivatives?
Eicosanoids
Platelet-activating factor (PAF)
What autacoids are under the class polypeptides?
Angiotensin
Kinin
What are the requirements for inflammation to occur?
Inflammatory stimuli
Vascular events
What are the important mediators for inflammation? (9)
Lysosomal contents
Histamine
Serotonin
Eicosanoids (PLL)
Platelet-activiting factor
Oxygen radical
Kinins
Complement
Fibrinopeptides
What inflammatory mediators are mainly sourced from the plasma?
Kinins
Complement
Fibrinopeptides
What inflammatory mediators are mainly sourced from the platelets?
Serotonin
Platelet-activating factor
What inflammatory mediator that is mainly sourced from the phagocytes?
Lysosomal contents
What inflammatory mediator that is mainly sourced from the granulocytes?
Histamine
What inflammatory mediator that is mainly sourced from damaged tissues and leukocytes?
Oxygen radicals
What inflammatory mediator that is mainly sourced from all cells?
Eicosanoids
(1)Prostaglandins
(2)Leukotrienes
(3)Lipooxygenases
Autacoids that has action on pain? (4)
Histamine
Serotonin
Lipooxygenases
Kinins
What are the histamine receptors?
H1
H2
H3
Of the three histamine receptors, which one has no available veterinary drug that activates or blocks it?
H3
Histamine receptor that mediates:
-brochiolar and intestinal smooth muscles
-vasodilation of small intestine
-vasodilation arteries, veins
-mediates pruritus
H1
Histamine receptor that mediates:
-gastric acid secretion
-vasodilation
H2
Histamine receptor that modulates neurotransmitter release
H3
Activation of H1 receptor usually used to causes these: (3)
Allergy
Motion sickness
Sedation
Activation of H2 receptor usually used to causes these: (4)
Peptic ulcers
Drug-induced erosive gastritis
Duodenal reflux
Esophageal reflux
What types of antagonists affects/antagonizes autacoids?
Drug antagonists
Physiologic antogonists
Drug antagonists of H1 receptors (6)
Chlorpheniramine
Clemastine
Meclizine
Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Promethazine
H1 receptor drug antagonists that are used for allergies? (2) CC
Chlorpheniramine
Clemastine
H1 receptor drug antagonists that are used for motion sickness? (4) MDDP
Meclizine
Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Promethazine
Drug antagonists of H2 receptors (2)
Cimitidine
Ranitidine
Physiologic antagonists to histamine
Epinephrine
Ephedrine
What are the modulators of oxygen radicals?
Superoxide dismutase
Vitamin E
Ascorbic acid
Dimethylsulfoxide
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors
