Veterinary Pharma - Clinical Pharmacology Autacoids

Question 1

What are the important drug groups for veterinary clinical pharmacology? (9) NGACDBRDC

Answer 1

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Glucocorticoids
Autacoids
Cardiovascular drugs
Diuretics
Drugs affecting blood coagulation
Drugs affecting respiratory system
Drugs affecting digestive system
Chemotherapy

Question 2

What substances are synthesized and function in a localized area in repond to injury? They generally are mediators of inflammation.

Answer 2

Autacoids

Question 3

What are the three (3) classes of autacoids?

Answer 3

Biogenic amines
Phospholipid-derived autacoids
Polypeptides

Question 4

What autocoids are under the class biogenic amines?

Answer 4

Histamine
Serotonin

Question 5

What are autacoids under the class phospholipid-derivatives?

Answer 5

Eicosanoids
Platelet-activating factor (PAF)

Question 6

What autacoids are under the class polypeptides?

Answer 6

Angiotensin
Kinin

Question 7

What are the requirements for inflammation to occur?

Answer 7

Inflammatory stimuli
Vascular events

Question 8

What are the important mediators for inflammation? (9)

Answer 8

Lysosomal contents
Histamine
Serotonin
Eicosanoids (PLL)
Platelet-activiting factor
Oxygen radical
Kinins
Complement
Fibrinopeptides

Question 9

What inflammatory mediators are mainly sourced from the plasma?

Answer 9

Kinins
Complement
Fibrinopeptides

Question 10

What inflammatory mediators are mainly sourced from the platelets?

Answer 10

Serotonin
Platelet-activating factor

Question 11

What inflammatory mediator that is mainly sourced from the phagocytes?

Answer 11

Lysosomal contents

Question 12

What inflammatory mediator that is mainly sourced from the granulocytes?

Answer 12

Histamine

Question 13

What inflammatory mediator that is mainly sourced from damaged tissues and leukocytes?

Answer 13

Oxygen radicals

Question 14

What inflammatory mediator that is mainly sourced from all cells?

Answer 14

Eicosanoids

(1)Prostaglandins
(2)Leukotrienes
(3)Lipooxygenases

Question 15

Autacoids that has action on pain? (4)

Answer 15

Histamine
Serotonin
Lipooxygenases
Kinins

Question 16

What are the histamine receptors?

Answer 16

H1
H2
H3

Question 17

Of the three histamine receptors, which one has no available veterinary drug that activates or blocks it?

Answer 17

H3

Question 18

Histamine receptor that mediates:
-brochiolar and intestinal smooth muscles
-vasodilation of small intestine
-vasodilation arteries, veins
-mediates pruritus

Answer 18

H1

Question 19

Histamine receptor that mediates:
-gastric acid secretion
-vasodilation

Answer 19

H2

Question 20

Histamine receptor that modulates neurotransmitter release

Answer 20

H3

Question 21

Activation of H1 receptor usually used to causes these: (3)

Answer 21

Allergy
Motion sickness
Sedation

Question 22

Activation of H2 receptor usually used to causes these: (4)

Answer 22

Peptic ulcers
Drug-induced erosive gastritis
Duodenal reflux
Esophageal reflux

Question 23

What types of antagonists affects/antagonizes autacoids?

Answer 23

Drug antagonists
Physiologic antogonists

Question 24

Drug antagonists of H1 receptors (6)

Answer 24

Chlorpheniramine
Clemastine
Meclizine
Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Promethazine

Question 25

H1 receptor drug antagonists that are used for allergies? (2) CC

Answer 25

Chlorpheniramine
Clemastine

Question 26

H1 receptor drug antagonists that are used for motion sickness? (4) MDDP

Answer 26

Meclizine
Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Promethazine

Question 27

Drug antagonists of H2 receptors (2)

Answer 27

Cimitidine
Ranitidine

Question 28

Physiologic antagonists to histamine

Answer 28

Epinephrine
Ephedrine

Question 29

What are the modulators of oxygen radicals?

Answer 29

Superoxide dismutase
Vitamin E
Ascorbic acid
Dimethylsulfoxide
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors