Veterinary Pharma - Clinical Pharmacology Blood coagulation Flashcards
Term for spontaneous arrest of bleeding from damaged blood vessels
Hemostasis
Generally, what are the steps in hemostasis? (6)
Trauma/Damage to blood vessels
Blood vessel spasm
Platelets stick to the exposed collagen of blood vessels
Platelet plug formation
Fibrin reinforces platelet plug
Formation of blood clot
What are the 3 stages of intrinsic fibrin formation?
Activation of Factor 10 (Stuart power factor)
Formation of thrombin
Formation of fibrin
In terms of coagulation factors, what are the factors activated in order?
Factor 10
Factor 10a
Factor 2
Factor 1
Factor 2a
Factor 13
Factor 13 a
Term for a process of removal of formed fibrin.
Fibrinolysis
The proteolytic enzyme that is responsible for fibrinolysis
Plasmin
Generally, what are the steps for fibrinolysis? (5)
Cells are injured
Plasminogen is released
Plasminogen is converted to plasmin
Plasmin mediates fibrinolysis
Remodeling of thrombus by plasmin digesting fibrin
What are the two (2) classes of drugs that affects blood coagulation?
Hemostatics
Antihemostatics
Hemostatics are also known as?
Procoagulants
Antihemostatics are also known as?
Anticoagulants
What does hemostatics or procoagulants do?
Prevents bleeding
What does antihemostatics or anticoagulants do?
Limit formation of intravascular clot (thrombi)
Under Antihemostatic class drugs, what are the 3 subclasses?
Anticoagulants
Fibrinolytics/Thrombolytics
Antithrombotics
What is the class of antihemostatic drugs that prevents blood coagulation?
Anticoagulants
What is the class of antihemostatic drugs that increases plasmin activity which in turn dissolves more clots?
Fibrinolytics/Thrombolytics
What is the class of antihemostatic drugs that controls platelet activity?
Antithrombotics
A serine proteolytic enzyme produced by the endothelial cells or synthetically produced which catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Used for thromboembolism in cats and dogs.
Tissue plasminogen activator
What are examples of antihemostatic drugs which are anticoagulants? (2) WH
Warfarin
Heparin
What are examples of antihemostatic endogenouse substance which are anticoagulants? (2) AP
Antithrombin 3
Protein C
What does antihemostatics anticoagulant do?
Interfere with the role of Vitamin K
What does Vitamin K do in procoagulations?
Required for carboxylation of clotting factors
What clotting factors does Vitamin K affect? (4)
Factor 2
Factor 7
Factor 9
Factor 10
How does warfarin and heparin affect anticoagulation
Vitamin K role interference
What are examples of antihemostatic drugs which are fibrinolytics/thrombolytic? (5) SAUAR
Streptokinase
Anisteplase
Urokinase
Alteplase
Reteplase
Antihemostatic which is fibrinolytic/thrombolytic enzyme synthesized from streptococcal organisms
Streptokinase
Streptodornase
Antihemostatic which is fibrinolytic/thrombolytic enzyme that is synthesized by culture from human renal cell
Urokinase
What are examples of antihemostatic drugs which are antiplatelet or antithrombotics? (5) AETCA
Abciximab
Eptifibatide
Ticlopidine
Clopidofrel
Aspirin
Antidote for heparin-induced hemorrhages
Protamine sulfate
How does protamine sulfate help with heparin-induced hemorrhages?
Antagonist
A synthetic analogue which releases preformed Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) from endothelial cells and macrophages
Desmopressin
What are the two (2) types of local hemostatics?
Astringents
Fibrin foam
What are examples of local hemostatics? (3)
Thromboplastin USP
Thrombin USP - 1
Absorbable gelatin sponge USP
What are examples of astringents? (3)
Ferric sulfate
Silver nitrate
Tannic acid
What are examples of systemic coagulants? (8)
Heparin Na
Warfarin
Bishyroxycoumarin
Dicoumarol
Na oxalate
Na citrate
Edetate disodium heparin Na
Acid citrate dextrose solution
What do you call substances that are essential to the proper formation of the components of blood?
Hematinics
What are examples of hematinics?
Folic acid
Vitamin B12
Iron
Epoetin alfa
Anabolic steroids
Epinephrine
Norepinehprine
Vitamin K
Desmopressin
