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Board Prep - Veterinary Pharmacology > Veterinary Pharma - Clinical Pharmacology Blood coagulation > Flashcards

Veterinary Pharma - Clinical Pharmacology Blood coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

Term for spontaneous arrest of bleeding from damaged blood vessels

A

Hemostasis

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2
Q

Generally, what are the steps in hemostasis? (6)

A

Trauma/Damage to blood vessels
Blood vessel spasm
Platelets stick to the exposed collagen of blood vessels
Platelet plug formation
Fibrin reinforces platelet plug
Formation of blood clot

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3
Q

What are the 3 stages of intrinsic fibrin formation?

A

Activation of Factor 10 (Stuart power factor)
Formation of thrombin
Formation of fibrin

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4
Q

In terms of coagulation factors, what are the factors activated in order?

A

Factor 10
Factor 10a
Factor 2
Factor 1
Factor 2a
Factor 13
Factor 13 a

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5
Q

Term for a process of removal of formed fibrin.

A

Fibrinolysis

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6
Q

The proteolytic enzyme that is responsible for fibrinolysis

A

Plasmin

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7
Q

Generally, what are the steps for fibrinolysis? (5)

A

Cells are injured
Plasminogen is released
Plasminogen is converted to plasmin
Plasmin mediates fibrinolysis
Remodeling of thrombus by plasmin digesting fibrin

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8
Q

What are the two (2) classes of drugs that affects blood coagulation?

A

Hemostatics
Antihemostatics

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9
Q

Hemostatics are also known as?

A

Procoagulants

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10
Q

Antihemostatics are also known as?

A

Anticoagulants

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11
Q

What does hemostatics or procoagulants do?

A

Prevents bleeding

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12
Q

What does antihemostatics or anticoagulants do?

A

Limit formation of intravascular clot (thrombi)

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13
Q

Under Antihemostatic class drugs, what are the 3 subclasses?

A

Anticoagulants
Fibrinolytics/Thrombolytics
Antithrombotics

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14
Q

What is the class of antihemostatic drugs that prevents blood coagulation?

A

Anticoagulants

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15
Q

What is the class of antihemostatic drugs that increases plasmin activity which in turn dissolves more clots?

A

Fibrinolytics/Thrombolytics

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16
Q

What is the class of antihemostatic drugs that controls platelet activity?

A

Antithrombotics

17
Q

A serine proteolytic enzyme produced by the endothelial cells or synthetically produced which catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Used for thromboembolism in cats and dogs.

A

Tissue plasminogen activator

18
Q

What are examples of antihemostatic drugs which are anticoagulants? (2) WH

A

Warfarin
Heparin

19
Q

What are examples of antihemostatic endogenouse substance which are anticoagulants? (2) AP

A

Antithrombin 3
Protein C

20
Q

What does antihemostatics anticoagulant do?

A

Interfere with the role of Vitamin K

21
Q

What does Vitamin K do in procoagulations?

A

Required for carboxylation of clotting factors

22
Q

What clotting factors does Vitamin K affect? (4)

A

Factor 2
Factor 7
Factor 9
Factor 10

23
Q

How does warfarin and heparin affect anticoagulation

A

Vitamin K role interference

24
Q

What are examples of antihemostatic drugs which are fibrinolytics/thrombolytic? (5) SAUAR

A

Streptokinase
Anisteplase
Urokinase
Alteplase
Reteplase

25
Q

Antihemostatic which is fibrinolytic/thrombolytic enzyme synthesized from streptococcal organisms

A

Streptokinase
Streptodornase

26
Q

Antihemostatic which is fibrinolytic/thrombolytic enzyme that is synthesized by culture from human renal cell

A

Urokinase

27
Q

What are examples of antihemostatic drugs which are antiplatelet or antithrombotics? (5) AETCA

A

Abciximab
Eptifibatide
Ticlopidine
Clopidofrel
Aspirin

28
Q

Antidote for heparin-induced hemorrhages

A

Protamine sulfate

29
Q

How does protamine sulfate help with heparin-induced hemorrhages?

A

Antagonist

30
Q

A synthetic analogue which releases preformed Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) from endothelial cells and macrophages

A

Desmopressin

31
Q

What are the two (2) types of local hemostatics?

A

Astringents
Fibrin foam

32
Q

What are examples of local hemostatics? (3)

A

Thromboplastin USP
Thrombin USP - 1
Absorbable gelatin sponge USP

33
Q

What are examples of astringents? (3)

A

Ferric sulfate
Silver nitrate
Tannic acid

34
Q

What are examples of systemic coagulants? (8)

A

Heparin Na
Warfarin
Bishyroxycoumarin
Dicoumarol
Na oxalate
Na citrate
Edetate disodium heparin Na
Acid citrate dextrose solution

35
Q

What do you call substances that are essential to the proper formation of the components of blood?

A

Hematinics

36
Q

What are examples of hematinics?

A

Folic acid
Vitamin B12
Iron
Epoetin alfa
Anabolic steroids
Epinephrine
Norepinehprine
Vitamin K
Desmopressin

Board Prep - Veterinary Pharmacology (16 decks)

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