Veterinary Pharma - Clinical Pharmacology Blood coagulation

Question 1

Term for spontaneous arrest of bleeding from damaged blood vessels

Answer 1

Hemostasis

Question 2

Generally, what are the steps in hemostasis? (6)

Answer 2

Trauma/Damage to blood vessels
Blood vessel spasm
Platelets stick to the exposed collagen of blood vessels
Platelet plug formation
Fibrin reinforces platelet plug
Formation of blood clot

Question 3

What are the 3 stages of intrinsic fibrin formation?

Answer 3

Activation of Factor 10 (Stuart power factor)
Formation of thrombin
Formation of fibrin

Question 4

In terms of coagulation factors, what are the factors activated in order?

Answer 4

Factor 10
Factor 10a
Factor 2
Factor 1
Factor 2a
Factor 13
Factor 13 a

Question 5

Term for a process of removal of formed fibrin.

Answer 5

Fibrinolysis

Question 6

The proteolytic enzyme that is responsible for fibrinolysis

Answer 6

Plasmin

Question 7

Generally, what are the steps for fibrinolysis? (5)

Answer 7

Cells are injured
Plasminogen is released
Plasminogen is converted to plasmin
Plasmin mediates fibrinolysis
Remodeling of thrombus by plasmin digesting fibrin

Question 8

What are the two (2) classes of drugs that affects blood coagulation?

Answer 8

Hemostatics
Antihemostatics

Question 9

Hemostatics are also known as?

Answer 9

Procoagulants

Question 10

Antihemostatics are also known as?

Answer 10

Anticoagulants

Question 11

What does hemostatics or procoagulants do?

Answer 11

Prevents bleeding

Question 12

What does antihemostatics or anticoagulants do?

Answer 12

Limit formation of intravascular clot (thrombi)

Question 13

Under Antihemostatic class drugs, what are the 3 subclasses?

Answer 13

Anticoagulants
Fibrinolytics/Thrombolytics
Antithrombotics

Question 14

What is the class of antihemostatic drugs that prevents blood coagulation?

Answer 14

Anticoagulants

Question 15

What is the class of antihemostatic drugs that increases plasmin activity which in turn dissolves more clots?

Answer 15

Fibrinolytics/Thrombolytics

Question 16

What is the class of antihemostatic drugs that controls platelet activity?

Answer 16

Antithrombotics

Question 17

A serine proteolytic enzyme produced by the endothelial cells or synthetically produced which catalyzes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Used for thromboembolism in cats and dogs.

Answer 17

Tissue plasminogen activator

Question 18

What are examples of antihemostatic drugs which are anticoagulants? (2) WH

Answer 18

Warfarin
Heparin

Question 19

What are examples of antihemostatic endogenouse substance which are anticoagulants? (2) AP

Answer 19

Antithrombin 3
Protein C

Question 20

What does antihemostatics anticoagulant do?

Answer 20

Interfere with the role of Vitamin K

Question 21

What does Vitamin K do in procoagulations?

Answer 21

Required for carboxylation of clotting factors

Question 22

What clotting factors does Vitamin K affect? (4)

Answer 22

Factor 2
Factor 7
Factor 9
Factor 10

Question 23

How does warfarin and heparin affect anticoagulation

Answer 23

Vitamin K role interference

Question 24

What are examples of antihemostatic drugs which are fibrinolytics/thrombolytic? (5) SAUAR

Answer 24

Streptokinase
Anisteplase
Urokinase
Alteplase
Reteplase

Question 25

Antihemostatic which is fibrinolytic/thrombolytic enzyme synthesized from streptococcal organisms

Answer 25

Streptokinase Streptodornase

Question 26

Antihemostatic which is fibrinolytic/thrombolytic enzyme that is synthesized by culture from human renal cell

Answer 26

Urokinase

Question 27

What are examples of antihemostatic drugs which are antiplatelet or antithrombotics? (5) AETCA

Answer 27

Abciximab Eptifibatide Ticlopidine Clopidofrel Aspirin

Question 28

Antidote for heparin-induced hemorrhages

Answer 28

Protamine sulfate

Question 29

How does protamine sulfate help with heparin-induced hemorrhages?

Answer 29

Antagonist

Question 30

A synthetic analogue which releases preformed Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) from endothelial cells and macrophages

Answer 30

Desmopressin

Question 31

What are the two (2) types of local hemostatics?

Answer 31

Astringents Fibrin foam

Question 32

What are examples of local hemostatics? (3)

Answer 32

Thromboplastin USP Thrombin USP - 1 Absorbable gelatin sponge USP

Question 33

What are examples of astringents? (3)

Answer 33

Ferric sulfate Silver nitrate Tannic acid

Question 34

What are examples of systemic coagulants? (8)

Answer 34

Heparin Na Warfarin Bishyroxycoumarin Dicoumarol Na oxalate Na citrate Edetate disodium heparin Na Acid citrate dextrose solution

Question 35

What do you call substances that are essential to the proper formation of the components of blood?

Answer 35

Hematinics

Question 36

What are examples of hematinics?

Answer 36

Folic acid Vitamin B12 Iron Epoetin alfa Anabolic steroids Epinephrine Norepinehprine Vitamin K Desmopressin