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Adult Neuro > Vestibular Anatomy > Flashcards

Vestibular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Vestibular Dysfunction

A 
Dizziness
Blurry Vision
Nystagmus 
Tinnitus
Vertigo
Hearing loss
Loss of balance & possible falls
Broad-based stance (to accommodate for imbalance)
Sweating, nausea, and vomiting (due to ANS involvement)
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2
Q

What are the two main reflexes of the vestibular system?

A

VOR: Vestibulo-ocular Reflex
VSR: Vestibulo-spinal Reflex

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3
Q

What are head movements detected by?

A

cupula

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4
Q

Vestibulo Ocular Reflex

A

Stabilizes eye in space

Necessary to see while head is in motion

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5
Q

Components of VOR:

A

angular and linear VOR

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6
Q

Vestibulo-Spinal Reflex

A

Stabilizes body

Helps maintain desired orientation to environment

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7
Q

Cervical Reflexes

A

cervicoocular reflex
cervicocollic reflex
cervicospinal reflex

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8
Q

Cervicoocular Reflex (COR)

A

Weak reflex
Does not play direct role in gaze stability
May help VOR to compensate
Proprioceptors and somatosensory receptors
-C1-C2 dorsal nerve roots

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9
Q

Cervicocollic Reflex (CCR)

A

Provides head stability

Contraction of stretched muscles to align head

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10
Q

Cervicospinal Reflex (CSR)

A

acts in conjuction with the VSR

-provides postural stability through limb activation

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11
Q

Three axes of rotation:

A

roll
pitch
yaw

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12
Q

Three axes of translation

A

AP
lateral
vertical

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13
Q

Pitch:

A

up and down

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14
Q

Yaw

A

head movement side to side in horizontal plane (shaking head no)

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15
Q

Roll

A

lateral side bending

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16
Q

What do semicircular canals detect?

A

angular rate

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17
Q

What do otoliths (saccule and utricle) detect?

A

linear acceleration

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18
Q

Functions of peripheral vestibular system:

A

Stabilization of visual images on the fovea of the retina during head movement to allow clear vision
Maintain postural stability especially during movement of the head
Provide information used for spatial orientation

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19
Q

Peripheral vestibular components:

A

Semicircular canals (SCC)
Utricle
Saccule
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear nerve

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20
Q

Orientation of semicircular canals:

A

Anterior/superior
Lateral/horizontal
Posterior/inferior

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21
Q

What are the components of the labyrinth?

A

bony

membranous

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22
Q

Bony labyrinth:

A

3 semicircular canals
cochlea
vesitbule

23
Q

What is the bony labyrinth filled with?

A

perilymphatic fluid (similar to cerebral spinal fluid)

24
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth?

A

suspended within the bony section and contains membranous portions of the canals and utricle and saccule

25
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth filled with?

A

endolymphatic fluid (similar to intracellular fluid)

26
Q

Ampulla:

A

contain the cupula (hair cells) which convert displacement into neuro firing thru bending of hair cells

27
Q

What does ampulla detect?

A

linear/angular motion

28
Q

Otolith Organ

A

(Utricle and Saccule): contain calcium carbonate crystals called otoconia

29
Q

What does otolith organ detect?

A

gravity and acceleration

30
Q

Sensory organ of angular VOR:

A

Semi-Circular Canals:
Horizontal
Anterior
Posterior

31
Q

Which direction do eyes move with angular movement?

A

opposite

32
Q

Pitch is sensed by what?

A

anterior/posterior canals

33
Q

Yaw is sensed by what?

A

horizontal canals

34
Q

Sensory organ of linear or translation VOR

A

Otoliths:Saccule and Utricle

35
Q

Which direction do eyes move with linear movement?

A

opposite

36
Q

What does the saccule detect?

A

Linear movement up and down (riding in elevator)

37
Q

What does the utricle detect?

A

Linear movement horizontally (riding on a train on a straight track

38
Q

Sensory organ of ocular tilt reflex:

A

Otolith:Utricle

39
Q

What direction do eyes and head move in ocular tilt reflex?

A

opposite tilt of head

40
Q

What does head tilt to the left cause?

A

elevation of the left eye, depression of the right eye, torsion of both eyes to the right and the tilt of the head on the body to the right.

41
Q

What facial nerves does ocular motor nuclei travel for mediation of VOR?

A

III,IV,VI

42
Q

What are the target for vestibular input?

A

Vestibular Nuclear Complex

The cerebellum

43
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

back-up system for adaption of gain of VOR

Monitors vestibular performance and readjusts central vestibular processing if necessary

44
Q

VOR (Vestibular Ocular Reflex):

A

generates eye movements, which enables clear vision while head is in motion

45
Q

VSR (Vestibular Spinal Reflex):

A

generates compensatory body movement in order to maintain head and postural stability, thereby preventing falls

46
Q

VCR (Vestibular Collic Reflex):

A

stabilizes the head in space

47
Q

Function of vestibular system:

A 
stabilizes vision when head moves (VOR)
balance control (VSR)
48
Q

What does visual acuity depend on:

A

position of image on fovea

ability to hold image steady

49
Q

Position of image: gaze shifting

A

for best vision, object within 0.5 of center of fovea
fovea must be moved to achieved proper poistion for vision
saccades, pursuits, vergence eye movement

50
Q

Holding image steady, gaze holding

A

optokinetic, visual fixation, vergence and vestibular eye movements

51
Q

Components of balance control:

A

gaze stabilization system

postural stabilization system

52
Q

Gaze Stabilization System

A

maintains gaze direction of the eyes and visual acuity during activities involving active head and body movements

53
Q

Postural Stabilization System

A

keeps the body in balance while an individual stands and actively moves in daily life

Adult Neuro (26 decks)

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