Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adult Neuro > SCI part 2 > Flashcards

SCI part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

UMN:

A

motor neuron (MN) that carries motor information from the cortex or subcortical regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does UMN carry motor information to?

A

Cranial nerve (CN) nuclei in the brainstem
CN nuclei are considered to be part of the UMN system
CN fibers traveling to target muscles are considered to be in the LMN system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

LMN:

A

A MN that carries information from the motor cell bodies in the ventral horn to the skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does LMN include?

A

CNs
Conus medullaris (at L1-2 vertebrae)
Cauda equina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

UMN lesion signs:

A

spasticity
hyperactive reflexes
clonus
flaccidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

LMN lesion signs:

A 
Flaccidity
Hyporeflexia
atrophy
fibrillations
fasciculation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fibrillations

A

Fine twitches of single muscle fibers that usually cannot be detected on clinical exam but can be identified on an EMG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fasciculations

A

Brief contractions of motor units, which can be observed in skeletal muscle and detected on clinical exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is lost with central cord syndrome?

A

more centrally located cervical tracts/arm function

spinothalamic: bilateral pain and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is preserved in central cord syndrome?

A

more peripherally located lumbar and sacral tracts/leg function
proprioception and discriminatory sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What causes central cord syndrome?

A

hyperextension injuries of the cervical spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Brown-Sequard Syndrome?

A

Hemisection of SC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is lost ipsilaterally with Brown-Sequard Syndrome?

A

dorsal columns with loss of tactile discrimination, pressure, vibration and proprioception
corticospinal tracts with loss of motor function and spastic paralysis below level of lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is lost contralaterally with Brown-Sequard Syndrome?

A

spinothalmic tract with loss of pain and temperature below level of lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is lost bilaterally with Brown-Sequard Syndrome?

A

bilateral loss of pain and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is lost with Anterior Cord Syndrome?

A

lateral corticospinal tracts with bilateral loss of motor function, spastic paralysis below level of lesion
Loss of spinothalamic tracts with bilateral loss of pain and temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is preserved with anterior cord syndrome?

A

dorsal columns: proprioception, kinesthesia, and vibratory sense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is lost with posterior cord syndrome?

A

posterior columns (bilateral loss of proprioception, vibration, pressure and epicritic sensations (stereognosis, 2 point discrimination)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is preserved with posterior cord syndrome?

A

motor function, sense of pain and light touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cauda Equina is loss of long nerve roots at what level?

A

L1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Signs of Cauda Equina?

A

Variable nerve root damage (motor and sensory signs); incomplete lesions common
Flaccid paralysis with no spinal reflex activity
Flaccid paralysis of bladder and bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sacral Sparing:

A

incomplete lesion in which the most centrally located sacral tracts are spared

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Signs of sacral sparing:

A

Perianal sensation,
Rectal sphincter contraction,
Cutaneous innervation in the saddle area
Active-contraction of the sacrally innervated toe flexors are intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Spinal Shock

A

A state of areflexia that occurs immediately after SCI

Loss of all spinal reflexes below the lesion level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does a patient experience with spinal shock?

A 
Flaccid paralysis (b/c no spinal reflex arcs are firing)
Loss of tendon reflexes
Loss of autonomic function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia

A

Acute episode of exaggerated sympathetic reflex responses in SCI that occurs because higher center reflex regulation is lost.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What level SCI is autonomic dysreflexia associated with?

A

T6 and above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is autonomic dysreflexia characterized by?

A 
Severe hypertension
Bradycardia
Severe headache
Vasodilation
Flushed skin
Profuse sweating above the lesion level
29
Q

What can cause autonomic dysreflexia?

A 
full bladder or rectum
stimulation of pain receptors
ingrown toenails
dressing changes
visceral contractions
30
Q

What can happen with unattended autonomic dysreflexia?

A

Convulsions
Loss of consciousness
Death may occur

31
Q

High Cervical Nerves ( C1-C4):

A

Paralysis in arms, hands, trunk and legs
Patient may not be able to breathe on his or her own, cough, or control bowel or bladder movements.
requires complete assitance in all ADLS

32
Q

C1-C3

A

Capable of talking, mastication, sipping, blowing
Key muscles: face and neck
Dependent self care

33
Q

C4:

A

Capable of respiration, scapular elevation
Key muscles; diaphragm, trapezius
Ventilator usually not needed, glossopharyngeal breathing is used to cough

34
Q

C5:

A

Capable of elbow flexion and supination, shoulder external rotation, abduction to 90 degrees and limited shoulder flexion

35
Q

Key muscles for C5:

A

biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis, deltoid, infraspinatus, rhomboids and supinator

36
Q

C6:

A

Capable of shoulder flexion, extension, internal rotation, and adductions, scapular abduction and upward rotation, forearm pronation, wrist extension ( tenodesis grip)

37
Q

Key muscles for C6:

A

extensor carpi radialis, infraspinatus, lattisimus dorsi, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, and teres minor

38
Q

C7:

A

Capable of elbow extension, wrist flexion, finger extension

39
Q

Key muscles for C7:

A

extensor pollicis longus and brevis, extrinsic finger extensors, flexor carpi radalis and triceps

40
Q

C8:

A

Capable of full use of all upper extremity muscles except intrinsics of the hand

41
Q

Key muscles for C8:

A

extrinsic finger flexors, flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor pollicis longus and brevis

42
Q

T1-T5:

A

Capable of full use of upper extremities , improved trunk control, increased respiratory reserve

43
Q

Key muscles for T1-T5:

A

top half of intercostal, long muscles of the back, intrinsic finger flexors

44
Q

T6-T8:

A

Capable of improved trunk control, increased respiratory reserve

45
Q

Key muscles for T6-T8:

A

long muscles of back including sacrospinalis and semispinalis

46
Q

T9-T12:

A

Capable of increased endurance, improved trunk control

47
Q

Key muscles for T9-T12:

A

lower abdominals, all intercostals

48
Q

T12-L3:

A

Capable of hip flexion and adduction, knee extension

49
Q

Key Muscles for T12-L3

A

gracilis, iliopsoas, quadratus lumborum, rectus femoris, and Sartorius

50
Q

L4-L5:

A

Capable of strong hip flexion and knee extension, weak knee flexion, improved trunk control

51
Q

Key muscles L4-L5:

A

low back muscles, medial hamstring ( weak), posterior tibialis, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior

52
Q

What level SCI requires portable ventilator or phrenic nerve stimulator, power “tilt in space” wheelchair with mouth control and seatbelt for trunk control?

A

C1-C3

53
Q

What level is a Ventilator usually not needed, glossopharyngeal breathing is used to cough?

A

C4

54
Q

What level SCI is Independent home ambulators and can be community ambulators?

A

L4-L5

55
Q

What level SCI is independent swing to, swing through, or four point gait with bilateral KAFOs and forearm crutches on level surfaces and small elevations, independent home ambulators?

A

T12-L3

56
Q

What level SCI is moderate to minimal assistance is required for lower extremity dressing and rolling and dependent for transfers with the aid of a sliding board or swivel bar?

A

C5

57
Q

What level SCI is can become independent in self care with equipment; e.g. transfers with a sliding board, independence in rolling and unsupported sitting can be long term goals,
use of a manual WC with projections or friction hand rims for household mobility. May require a power wheelchair for community reintegration?

A

C6

58
Q

What levels SCI is independent in lower extremity self range of motion exercises and can us manual wheelchair with friction hand rims for community integration with some difficulty on rough terrain?

A

C7

59
Q

What level SCI is independent swing to or swing through gait on level surfaces with bilateral KAFOs and a walker or forearm crutches and
independent floor to wheelchair and tub transfers?

A

T9-T12

60
Q

What level SCI is independent in swing to gait in parallel bars with bilateral knee-ankle-foot-orthoses ( KAFOs) for short distances and supervision with walker and KAFOs in home?

A

T6-T8

61
Q

What level SCI is Independent in living at home except for heavy work, may be able to independently go up/down curbs with manual WC, may need tub seat, grab bars, etc for full independence at home?

A

C8

62
Q

What level SCI is independent in all areas including car transfers, standing table for physiologic standing, able to negotiate curbs using a “wheelie” technique and participates in wheelchair sports?

A

T1-T5

63
Q

Contraindications to exercise in SCI:

A

Autonomic Dysreflexia
Severe or Infected skin on weight bearing surfaces
Symptomatic hypotension
UTI
Unstable fracture
Uncontrolled hot/humid environments
Insufficient ROM to perform exercise task

64
Q

C1-C4 wheelchair

A

Electric tilt in space seating or reclining seat back
Micro switch or puff and sip controls
Portable respiratory may be attached

65
Q

C5 wheelchair

A

Can use a manual chair with propulsion aids
Independent for short distances on smooth flat surfaces
May choose electric for distances and energy conservation

66
Q

C6 wheelchair

A

Manual wheelchair with friction surface hand rims

independent

67
Q

C7 wheelchair

A

Manual wheelchair with friction surface hand rims but increased propulsion ability

68
Q

C8-T1 wheelchair

A

Manual wheelchair with standard hand rims

Sport, lightweight wheelchairs options as well

Adult Neuro (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions