Vertigo and syncope Flashcards
Which system has long axons that go to the structure instead of multiple chains
CNS
Where do preganglionic nerves begin
In the brainstem
Which nerve in the PNS will terminate in the innervated organ
Post ganglionic
Which nerve innervates vasculature and visceral organs
Splanchnic
Where are the splanchnic nerves locates and what vessels of they innervate
In front of the aorta
-celiac
-mesenteric (superior / inferior)
Where is the parasympathetic system located
Within the brainstem and sacral aspect of the spin
What is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic system
acetylcholine
Which part of the nervous system has a ganglionic chain
sympathetic
What happens when you activate the vagus nerve
Peristalsis
increased GI secretion
relax sphincters
Where are catecholamines released from
Sympathetic ANS
adrenal medulla
Are pre-syncope and syncope the same chief complaint? Why?
Yes because it will have the same underlying pathology
What are the major types of syncope
Reflex
orthostatic
cardiac arrhythmia
Structural cardiopulmonary disease
What is the number one test that must be ordered in someone with a CC of syncope or pre-syncope
EKG
What reflex mediated event can cause syncope
Carotid sinus syndrome
vasovagal
subclavian steal syndrome
What causes reflex syncope
CNS condition that triggers the drop or elevation in HR or BP leading to decreased cerebral Flow
What can trigger vasovagal syncope
High emotions
What is subclavian steal syndrome
Subclavian artery is stenosed before the vertebral artery and causes reversed flow during times of stress
What leads to vertebrobasilar insufficiency
Subclavian steal syndrome e
What are the four types of dizziness
Vertigo
disequilibrium
lightheadedness
pre syncope
What is the scary kind of vertigo and why
Cerebellar vertigo
think infarction, hemorrhage, or mass
If someone has horizontal nystagmus, where is the cause of vertigo
peripheral
If someone has vertical nystagmus, where is the cause of vertigo
Central
