Peripheral disorders and palsy

Question 1

What is compressed with tarsal tunnel

Answer 1

When the tibial nerve is compressed, leading to compressive neuropathy

Question 2

Why are the nerves in the PNS able to heal

Answer 2

Because they have a neurolemma

Question 3

Which cells are specific to the PNS

Answer 3

Schwann

Question 4

What cells are specific to the CNS

Answer 4

Oligodendrocytes

Question 5

What is the largest gap a broken axon can have and still be repaired

Answer 5

3cm

Question 6

What does the diencephalon include

Answer 6

Thalamus
epithalamus
hypothalamus

Question 7

What is an example of a poly synaptic response

Answer 7

withdrawal response

Question 8

What are A-delta fibers

Answer 8

Large myelinated fibers
Transmit well localized sensation rapidly to the spine causing a spinal reflex to withdraw, and then pain will be felt

Question 9

What are c-fibers

Answer 9

Unmyelinated, more numerous nerves that help transmit dull, ache, burning and are typically associated with more constant pain/pressure

Question 10

What is complex regional pain syndrome

Answer 10

Pain that is out of proportion or unprovoked within a region of the body

Question 11

Where is complex regional pain syndrome most commonly located

Answer 11

Distal limb

Question 12

What is type 1 complex regional pain syndrome

Answer 12

Patient has pain but no evidence of peripheral nerve injury

Question 13

What is type 2 complex regional pain syndrome

Answer 13

Peripheral nerve injury is deficit

Question 14

When is complex regional pain syndrome typically see

Answer 14

within 4-6 weeks of trauma

Question 15

How does complex regional pain syndrome present

Answer 15

Pain
Sensation changes
motor changes
trophic changes

Question 16

What is neuropathy

Answer 16

Nerve dysfunction that leads to numbness and weakness

Question 17

What is polyneuropathy

Answer 17

affects multiple different nerves

Question 18

What is peripheral neuropathy

Answer 18

Similar to polyneuropathy but includes radiculopathies and/or mononeuropathies

Question 19

What are generalized neuropathies

Answer 19

Divided into distal axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathies

Question 20

What are the symptoms of small nerve fiber damage

Answer 20

decreased perception of pain, decreased temperature perception, burning, numbness, tingling

Question 21

What are symptoms of large nerves damage

Answer 21

Decreased light touch, loss of vibration or position sense

Question 22

What does compression neuropathy cause

Answer 22

Changes in microvascular function and structural changes

Question 23

What causes radiculopathies

Answer 23

Disorder of the spinal nerve root

Question 24

How does B12 deficiency present

Answer 24

Megaloblastic microcytic anemia
-Neuropathy
-dementia
-neuropsychiatric
*neurologic symptoms are late findings

Question 25

What is B12 responsible for

Answer 25

Helps maintain the myelin sheath

Question 26

What is MS

Answer 26

central demyelinating syndrome

Question 27

What is Guillian-barre

Answer 27

peripheral demyelinating syndrome

Question 28

What causes Gillian barre syndrome

Answer 28

post infection autoimmune disease, generally causes by Respiratory or GI illness

Question 29

What are the first symptoms of Guillian-barre

Answer 29

Tingling or weakness in the legs
-Symmetrical and ascending

Question 30

What is the myelin sheath

Answer 30

lipid membrane that encases the axon

Question 31

What cranial nerve is associated with oligodendrocytes and why

Answer 31

cranial nerve 2 because of optic neuritis

*other cranial nerves have Schwann cells