Peripheral disorders and palsy Flashcards
What is compressed with tarsal tunnel
When the tibial nerve is compressed, leading to compressive neuropathy
Why are the nerves in the PNS able to heal
Because they have a neurolemma
Which cells are specific to the PNS
Schwann
What cells are specific to the CNS
Oligodendrocytes
What is the largest gap a broken axon can have and still be repaired
3cm
What does the diencephalon include
Thalamus
epithalamus
hypothalamus
What is an example of a poly synaptic response
withdrawal response
What are A-delta fibers
Large myelinated fibers
Transmit well localized sensation rapidly to the spine causing a spinal reflex to withdraw, and then pain will be felt
What are c-fibers
Unmyelinated, more numerous nerves that help transmit dull, ache, burning and are typically associated with more constant pain/pressure
What is complex regional pain syndrome
Pain that is out of proportion or unprovoked within a region of the body
Where is complex regional pain syndrome most commonly located
Distal limb
What is type 1 complex regional pain syndrome
Patient has pain but no evidence of peripheral nerve injury
What is type 2 complex regional pain syndrome
Peripheral nerve injury is deficit
When is complex regional pain syndrome typically see
within 4-6 weeks of trauma
How does complex regional pain syndrome present
Pain
Sensation changes
motor changes
trophic changes
What is neuropathy
Nerve dysfunction that leads to numbness and weakness
What is polyneuropathy
affects multiple different nerves
What is peripheral neuropathy
Similar to polyneuropathy but includes radiculopathies and/or mononeuropathies
What are generalized neuropathies
Divided into distal axonal and demyelinating polyneuropathies
What are the symptoms of small nerve fiber damage
decreased perception of pain, decreased temperature perception, burning, numbness, tingling
What are symptoms of large nerves damage
Decreased light touch, loss of vibration or position sense
What does compression neuropathy cause
Changes in microvascular function and structural changes
What causes radiculopathies
Disorder of the spinal nerve root
How does B12 deficiency present
Megaloblastic microcytic anemia
-Neuropathy
-dementia
-neuropsychiatric
*neurologic symptoms are late findings
