Neurology 100ft review part 2

Question 1

What is the job of the limbic system

Answer 1

Mediate emotional response with memory and learning

allows for visceral reactions

Question 2

What makes up the limbic system

Answer 2

Hypothalamus (Specifically maxillary bodies)
Thalamus (relay info)
Amygdala (emotion)
Hippocampus (memory conversion)
Arcuate nucleus (hunger / fullness cues)

Question 3

What is the other name for the inter brain

Answer 3

diencephalon

Question 4

What structures make up the inter brain

Answer 4

Thalamus

Hypothalamus (autonomic control - acts on pituitary)

Subthalamus (works w/ basal ganglia on motor activity function)

Question 5

What is another name for the midbrain

Answer 5

mesencephalon

Question 6

What is the midbrain and what is its main function

Answer 6

connection between the cerebrum and the hindbrain

Voluntary / involuntary eye movement (tracking)

Question 7

What structures make up the midbrain

Answer 7

Tectum
Tegmentum(red nucleus / substantia nigra)
Cerebral peduncles (efferent fibers)

Question 8

What is the hindbrain known as

Answer 8

metenchephalon

Question 9

What structures make up the hindbrain

Answer 9

cerebellum
pons

Question 10

What is the cerebellums function

Answer 10

helps with correction of movement (fine-tuning)

Question 11

What is the central area of the cerebellum known as

Answer 11

vermis

Question 12

What is the job of the pons

Answer 12

Helps relay planned action to the cerebellum for interpretation and adjustments

Question 13

What is the medulla oblongata called

Answer 13

Myelencephalon

Question 14

What is the function of the medulla oblongata

Answer 14

Heartrate
breathing
blood pressure

Question 15

Where does the efferent motor pathway decussate

Answer 15

Medulla oblongata

Question 16

What is the reticular activation system

Answer 16

the source of consciousness

Question 17

Where does the spinal cord end

Answer 17

Conus medullaris (L1-L2)

Question 18

How long is the spinal cord

Answer 18

15cm

Question 19

What is the film terminal

Answer 19

The anchor at the coccyx for the caudal equina

Question 20

Where are the synapses located

Answer 20

In gray matter
-has soma

Question 21

What is contained within the soma

Answer 21

nissel bodies which hold the rough ER

Question 22

What is the ascending tract

Answer 22

sensory tract that carries information to the brain (afferent)

Question 23

What is the descending tract

Answer 23

motor tract carrying information from the brain to end organ (efferent)

Question 24

What is the function of the ventral root

Answer 24

Motor out of the cord

Question 25

What is the function of the dorsal root

Answer 25

carries sensory info to the cord

Question 26

What 2 structures for the spinal nerve

Answer 26

Ventral and dorsal roots

Question 27

What makes up the gray matter

Answer 27

cell bodies Motor neurons interneurons

Question 28

What does the white matter contain

Answer 28

Myelinated tracts of axons

Question 29

What is the function of interneurons

Answer 29

links sensory information with motor function -allows for changes in personal adaptation

Question 30

What plays a major role in the reflex arc

Answer 30

interneurons

Question 31

What comes off of the dorsal horn

Answer 31

Mainly interneurons axons from sensory neurons *pain is primarily transmitted here

Question 32

What comes off the lateral horn

Answer 32

involved in autonomic transmission

Question 33

What comes off the anterior horn

Answer 33

motor efferent pathways

Question 34

What are the lower motor neurons

Answer 34

Ventral roots

Question 35

Where does the afferent tracts terminate

Answer 35

Cerebrum or cerebellum

Question 36

What do the afferent tracts bring to the brain

Answer 36

mechanoreceptive input thermoreceptive input nociceptive

Question 37

What dermatome is over the nipples

Answer 37

T4

Question 38

What dermatome is at the iliac crest

Answer 38

L4

Question 39

What dermatome is the anal sphincter

Answer 39

S5

Question 40

Where are the sensory pathways located

Answer 40

posterior column Anterior spinothalamic lateral spinothalamic

Question 41

What is the responsibility of the cuneatus in the spine

Answer 41

carry information regarding the upper extremity

Question 42

What is the responsibility of the gracilis in the spine

Answer 42

Proprioception of the lower extremities (think ballerina- grace)

Question 43

What is the function of the dorsal column

Answer 43

Fine touch, proprioception, and vibration

Question 44

Where will the dorsal column extend to

Answer 44

Medulla, thalamus, postcentral gyrus

Question 45

What is the postcentral gyrus

Answer 45

homunculus for sensation

Question 46

Where is the reflex arc sensory neuron found

Answer 46

dorsal column

Question 47

What is the spinothalamic tract responsible for

Answer 47

pain and temperature -ventral = light touch -lateral = cold/pain

Question 48

What is one of the last sensations to lose when having a spinal block and how would you test it

Answer 48

cold alcohol swab

Question 49

What does bulbar mean

Answer 49

brainstem

Question 50

Where does signaling for the motor tract come from

Answer 50

precentral gyrus

Question 51

Where are upper motor neurons found

Answer 51

within the CNS -often synapse with interneurons and connect with lower motor neurons

Question 52

Where are lower motor neurons found

Answer 52

PNS

Question 53

Where are the cell bodies in the sympathetic nervous system found

Answer 53

Thoracic spine

Question 54

What neurotransmitter does the sympathetic nervous system primarily use

Answer 54

Norepinephrine

Question 55

Where are the ganglia for the sympathetic nervous system located and how are they names

Answer 55

anterior to the aorta Names based on the located organs

Question 56

Where can you not put epi in the body and why

Answer 56

fingers nose toes penis - because of lack of blood flow

Question 57

What is the primary neurotransmitter for the parasympathetic system

Answer 57

acetycholine