Headaches

Question 1

What is the first cranial nerve

Answer 1

olfactory

Question 2

what is the main function of the limbic system

Answer 2

helps regulate emotion, hunger ques, and learning/memory
*tracts memory pathways

Question 3

What is the second cranial nerve

Answer 3

optic

Question 4

What is the third cranial nerve

Answer 4

oculomotor

Question 5

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve

Answer 5

lifts eyelid
constricts iris and ciliary body
proprioception of EOM

Question 6

What is the 4th cranial nerve

Answer 6

trochlear

Question 7

What is the function of the trochlear nerve

Answer 7

superior oblique EOM
-down and out

Question 8

What is the 5th cranial nerve

Answer 8

Trigeminal

Question 9

What is the function of the abducens

Answer 9

helps with lateral eye movement

Question 10

What is the 6th cranial nerve

Answer 10

abducens

Question 11

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 11

helps with 3 regions of sensation
helps w/ moving mouth & chewing

Question 12

What is the 7th cranial nerve

Answer 12

facial nerve

Question 13

What is the function of the facial nerve

Answer 13

Expression and lacrimal/salivary glands

Question 14

What is the 8th cranial nerve

Answer 14

Vestibulocochlear

Question 15

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve

Answer 15

Hearing

Question 16

What is the 9th cranial nerve

Answer 16

Glossopharyngeal

Question 17

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve

Answer 17

helps with speech and cough

Question 18

What is the 10th cranial nerve

Answer 18

vagus

Question 19

What is the 11th cranial nerve

Answer 19

accessory

Question 20

What is the function of the accessory nerve

Answer 20

innervates muscles of pharynx/larynx
sensation/motor to sternocleidomastoid

Question 21

What is the 12th cranial nerve

Answer 21

Hypoglossal

Question 22

When do you see meningeal irritation

Answer 22

meningitis (nucal rigidity)

Question 23

What is transduction

Answer 23

Damage to tissue/ exposure to free nerve ending with an irritant which is converted into electrophysiologic activity and ultimately activates the nociceptors

Question 24

What is transmission

Answer 24

Stimulus of nociceptors triggers activation of dorsal horn and is then transferred to the post central gyrus via limbic system

Question 25

What causes the modulation of pain

Answer 25

the natural inhibition of pain

Question 26

What are the steps for the body to feel pain

Answer 26

transduction transmission modulation perception

Question 27

What is perception of pain associated with

Answer 27

somatosensory cortex which is responsible for noting the location, type, and intensity

Question 28

What does cognitive evaluation of pain allow for

Answer 28

Expression of pain based on learned behavior which will modulate the perception of pain

Question 29

What causes a headache

Answer 29

The nociceptors in the trigeminal, vagus, or glossopharyngeal nerves become depolarized

Question 30

How is pain mediated in the body

Answer 30

by projection from the trigeminal and upper cervical dorsal root ganglia

Question 31

What are some "cant miss" headache dx

Answer 31

sudden onset elderly chiropractor coagulopathy multiple people with same complaint seizure immunocompromised

Question 32

What is a cluster headache

Answer 32

Deep pain (burning, stabbing, lancinating)

Question 33

What are some triggers of cluster headaches

Answer 33

Sleep apnea nitrate foods nail varnish petroleum alcohol histamines

Question 34

What are some physical signs of a cluster headache

Answer 34

lacrimation ipsilateral forehead/facial flushing ipsilateral nasal discharge effected eye is red

Question 35

What is caused by a change in brain metabolism and blood flow in the brain

Answer 35

migraine

Question 36

How long does a migraine last for

Answer 36

4-72 hours

Question 37

What is occurring in the brain when someone is aware they are going to get a migraine

Answer 37

Activation of the hypothalamus

Question 38

What are some characteristics of a migraine

Answer 38

pulsating, throbbing headache OR dull, ache-like headache

Question 39

What nerve is activated for a migraine

Answer 39

trigeminal

Question 40

What happens after the trigeminal nerve is activated

Answer 40

CNS platelet / mast cell degranulation Seretonin release Increase then decrease in blood brain catecholamine Alternating vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 41

What is the most common cause of recurring headaches

Answer 41

tension headaches

Question 42

What is occurring with the muscles in a tension headache

Answer 42

increased muscle hardness and sustained contraction which leads to local ischemia and swelling

Question 43

What is the cause of a sinus headache

Answer 43

Mucosal inflammation of paranasal sinuses and nasal mucosa

Question 44

What are sinus headaches most often associated with

Answer 44

Viral URI

Question 45

What are the symptoms associated with sinus headaches

Answer 45

Aching pain or pressure that increases with bending forwards purulent discharge or green snot

Question 46

What are the common causes of viral sinus headaches

Answer 46

rhinovirus influenza, adenovirus, parainfluenza

Question 47

What are the causes of bacterial sinus headaches

Answer 47

S.pneumonia H.influenza M.catarrhalis

Question 48

How does an exertion headache typically present

Answer 48

Unilateral with moderate to severe pain that is pulsating in nature

Question 49

What is the cause of a menstrual headache

Answer 49

estrogen withdrawal and/or prostaglandin release

Question 50

What is the common presentation of a menstrual headache

Answer 50

onset 2 days prior to menses and will last until the last day

Question 51

What is the cause of an overuse headache

Answer 51

overuse of headache medication