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CABS Neurology > Headaches > Flashcards

Headaches Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first cranial nerve

A

olfactory

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2
Q

what is the main function of the limbic system

A

helps regulate emotion, hunger ques, and learning/memory
*tracts memory pathways

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3
Q

What is the second cranial nerve

A

optic

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4
Q

What is the third cranial nerve

A

oculomotor

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5
Q

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve

A

lifts eyelid
constricts iris and ciliary body
proprioception of EOM

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6
Q

What is the 4th cranial nerve

A

trochlear

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7
Q

What is the function of the trochlear nerve

A

superior oblique EOM
-down and out

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8
Q

What is the 5th cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal

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9
Q

What is the function of the abducens

A

helps with lateral eye movement

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10
Q

What is the 6th cranial nerve

A

abducens

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11
Q

What is the function of the trigeminal nerve

A

helps with 3 regions of sensation
helps w/ moving mouth & chewing

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12
Q

What is the 7th cranial nerve

A

facial nerve

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13
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve

A

Expression and lacrimal/salivary glands

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14
Q

What is the 8th cranial nerve

A

Vestibulocochlear

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15
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Hearing

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16
Q

What is the 9th cranial nerve

A

Glossopharyngeal

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17
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

helps with speech and cough

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18
Q

What is the 10th cranial nerve

A

vagus

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19
Q

What is the 11th cranial nerve

A

accessory

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20
Q

What is the function of the accessory nerve

A

innervates muscles of pharynx/larynx
sensation/motor to sternocleidomastoid

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21
Q

What is the 12th cranial nerve

A

Hypoglossal

22
Q

When do you see meningeal irritation

A

meningitis (nucal rigidity)

23
Q

What is transduction

A

Damage to tissue/ exposure to free nerve ending with an irritant which is converted into electrophysiologic activity and ultimately activates the nociceptors

24
Q

What is transmission

A

Stimulus of nociceptors triggers activation of dorsal horn and is then transferred to the post central gyrus via limbic system

25
Q

What causes the modulation of pain

A

the natural inhibition of pain

26
Q

What are the steps for the body to feel pain

A

transduction
transmission
modulation
perception

27
Q

What is perception of pain associated with

A

somatosensory cortex which is responsible for noting the location, type, and intensity

28
Q

What does cognitive evaluation of pain allow for

A

Expression of pain based on learned behavior which will modulate the perception of pain

29
Q

What causes a headache

A

The nociceptors in the trigeminal, vagus, or glossopharyngeal nerves become depolarized

30
Q

How is pain mediated in the body

A

by projection from the trigeminal and upper cervical dorsal root ganglia

31
Q

What are some “cant miss” headache dx

A

sudden onset
elderly
chiropractor
coagulopathy
multiple people with same complaint
seizure
immunocompromised

32
Q

What is a cluster headache

A

Deep pain (burning, stabbing, lancinating)

33
Q

What are some triggers of cluster headaches

A

Sleep apnea
nitrate foods
nail varnish
petroleum
alcohol
histamines

34
Q

What are some physical signs of a cluster headache

A

lacrimation
ipsilateral forehead/facial flushing
ipsilateral nasal discharge
effected eye is red

35
Q

What is caused by a change in brain metabolism and blood flow in the brain

A

migraine

36
Q

How long does a migraine last for

A

4-72 hours

37
Q

What is occurring in the brain when someone is aware they are going to get a migraine

A

Activation of the hypothalamus

38
Q

What are some characteristics of a migraine

A

pulsating, throbbing headache OR
dull, ache-like headache

39
Q

What nerve is activated for a migraine

A

trigeminal

40
Q

What happens after the trigeminal nerve is activated

A

CNS platelet / mast cell degranulation

Seretonin release

Increase then decrease in blood brain catecholamine

Alternating vasoconstriction and vasodilation

41
Q

What is the most common cause of recurring headaches

A

tension headaches

42
Q

What is occurring with the muscles in a tension headache

A

increased muscle hardness and sustained contraction which leads to local ischemia and swelling

43
Q

What is the cause of a sinus headache

A

Mucosal inflammation of paranasal sinuses and nasal mucosa

44
Q

What are sinus headaches most often associated with

A

Viral URI

45
Q

What are the symptoms associated with sinus headaches

A

Aching pain or pressure that increases with bending forwards

purulent discharge or green snot

46
Q

What are the common causes of viral sinus headaches

A

rhinovirus
influenza, adenovirus, parainfluenza

47
Q

What are the causes of bacterial sinus headaches

A

S.pneumonia
H.influenza
M.catarrhalis

48
Q

How does an exertion headache typically present

A

Unilateral with moderate to severe pain that is pulsating in nature

49
Q

What is the cause of a menstrual headache

A

estrogen withdrawal and/or prostaglandin release

50
Q

What is the common presentation of a menstrual headache

A

onset 2 days prior to menses and will last until the last day

51
Q

What is the cause of an overuse headache

A

overuse of headache medication

CABS Neurology (11 decks)

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