Neurovascular disorders

Question 1

What is the innominate artery

Answer 1

brachiocephalic

Question 2

What do the vertebral arteries do

Answer 2

Feed the brain

Question 3

What does the external carotid artery do

Answer 3

feeds face and neck

Question 4

What does the internal carotid do

Answer 4

feeds the brain

Question 5

Where are the veins in the skull found

Answer 5

below the dura

Question 6

What vessel feeds the posterior aspect of the brain

Answer 6

Basilar which turns into PCA

Question 7

What vessels supply the frontal aspect of the brain

Answer 7

ACA and MCA (formed from the internal carotid

Question 8

Where is the motor area of the brain

Answer 8

pre-central gyrus

Question 9

What is the brocas area and where is it found

Answer 9

Area for speech

Found behind the frontal lobe

Question 10

Where is the sensory area of the brain and what is its job

Answer 10

Post-central gyrus
*for skin and muscle sensation

Question 11

What is the wernickes area and where is it found

Answer 11

Comprehension of written and spoken language

Found just behind the post central gyrus

Question 12

What is located in the pre-frontal cortex

Answer 12

Higher mental functions
-planning
-judgement
-concentration
-emotional expression

Question 13

What allows for coordination of movement, balance, posture and equilibrium

Answer 13

Cerebellum

Question 14

What should you ask a patient to repeat if you think they are having aphasia

Answer 14

“no ifs, ands, or buts

Question 15

What are the first tests that should be run if you suspect someone if having a stroke

Answer 15

Glucose test
FAST exam

Question 16

What is the most common type of stroke

Answer 16

ischemic

Question 17

What are some common causes of a stroke

Answer 17

Large artery atherosclerosis
Cardioembolic
Cryptogenic

Question 18

Which arteries in the brain will become atherosclerotic

Answer 18

ICA
MCA
vertebral/basilar arterial junction

Question 19

What is the most common cause of a cardioembolic stroke

Answer 19

A-fib

Question 20

What are some causes of an ischemic stroke

Answer 20

Thrombi/emboli
Atheroma
Partial occlusion

Question 21

How long does it take for tissue in the brain to become ischemic

Answer 21

3 hours

Question 22

What happens 6-12 hours after initial occlusion in brain

Answer 22

Infarcted area will become pale
*48-72hrs tissue will be necrotic

Question 23

What occurs in the brain after the tissue has necrosed

Answer 23

There will be an inflammatory reaction, which will cause an infiltration of macrophages… ultimately leaving a scarred cavity in the brain

Question 24

What will cause an intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 24

AVM
HTN
cocaine
anticoagulation

Question 25

What can cause a non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 25

Berry aneurysm rupture AVM rupture

Question 26

What is the most common vessel to be blocked in an ischemic stroke

Answer 26

MCA

Question 27

What signs will be seen with an ischemic stroke on the patients dominant side

Answer 27

Aphasia

Question 28

What will be seen with an ischemic stroke on the patients non-dominant side

Answer 28

inattention neglect nonstructural apraxia

Question 29

If someone has a posterior ischemic attack, what signs might they have

Answer 29

Nystagmus AMS vertigo Gait ataxia inability to read visual field deficit

Question 30

What will be seen with a basilar ischemic stroke

Answer 30

Dysarthria Diplopia HA Babinski sign locked-in syndrome CN 7 abnormality

Question 31

What do you have to be aware of with a cerebellar ischemic stroke

Answer 31

Proximity to brainstem Puts increased pressure which can cause herniation through the Forman

Question 32

What is the result of a lacunar ischemic stroke

Answer 32

Motor/sensory deficit

Question 33

what is a TIA

Answer 33

Temporary obstructions blood flow that will cause stroke like symptoms that last no more than 24 hours

Question 34

What can be affected by a TIA

Answer 34

brain spinal cord retina

Question 35

What cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 35

Uncontrolled HTN ruptured aneurysms AVM Trauma

Question 36

What are subdural hemorrhages associated with

Answer 36

trauma

Question 37

What are epidural hemorrhages associated with

Answer 37

Trauma

Question 38

What occurs with a hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 38

Abutting tissue becomes deformed, putting pressure on the vasculature this leads to ischemia and edema This will elevate the ICP and cause necrosis

Question 39

What occurs with the reabsorption of blood in the brain

Answer 39

a cavity with a dense scar around the area

Question 40

Where are cerebral aneurysms most commonly seen

Answer 40

Arterial bifurcations

Question 41

Which area of the vessel becomes weakened with an aneurysm

Answer 41

tunica media

Question 42

When are signs present with cerebral aneurysms

Answer 42

Once they start bleeding

Question 43

When a cerebral aneurysm bleeds, where does the blood go

Answer 43

Subarachnoid space

Question 44

What is a sentinel bleed

Answer 44

A warning sign for a severe bleed

Question 45

What is giant cell arteritis

Answer 45

Inflammatory disease of the large or medium vessels that typically involves the cranial branches of the carotid

Question 46

How is temporal arteritis diagnosed

Answer 46

Biopsy

Question 47

What inflammatory changes will be seen in the cell wall in someone with inflammatory arteritis

Answer 47

Increased CD4 Increased T Lymphocytes Increased macrophages

Question 48

What are the main symptoms of temporal arteritis

Answer 48

Temporal pain HA jaw / tongue claudication visual changes

Question 49

What can giant cell arteritis lead to

Answer 49

ischemic optic neuropathy