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CABS Neurology > Neurovascular disorders > Flashcards

Neurovascular disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is the innominate artery

A

brachiocephalic

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2
Q

What do the vertebral arteries do

A

Feed the brain

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3
Q

What does the external carotid artery do

A

feeds face and neck

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4
Q

What does the internal carotid do

A

feeds the brain

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5
Q

Where are the veins in the skull found

A

below the dura

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6
Q

What vessel feeds the posterior aspect of the brain

A

Basilar which turns into PCA

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7
Q

What vessels supply the frontal aspect of the brain

A

ACA and MCA (formed from the internal carotid

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8
Q

Where is the motor area of the brain

A

pre-central gyrus

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9
Q

What is the brocas area and where is it found

A

Area for speech

Found behind the frontal lobe

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10
Q

Where is the sensory area of the brain and what is its job

A

Post-central gyrus
*for skin and muscle sensation

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11
Q

What is the wernickes area and where is it found

A

Comprehension of written and spoken language

Found just behind the post central gyrus

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12
Q

What is located in the pre-frontal cortex

A

Higher mental functions
-planning
-judgement
-concentration
-emotional expression

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13
Q

What allows for coordination of movement, balance, posture and equilibrium

A

Cerebellum

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14
Q

What should you ask a patient to repeat if you think they are having aphasia

A

“no ifs, ands, or buts

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15
Q

What are the first tests that should be run if you suspect someone if having a stroke

A

Glucose test
FAST exam

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16
Q

What is the most common type of stroke

A

ischemic

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17
Q

What are some common causes of a stroke

A

Large artery atherosclerosis
Cardioembolic
Cryptogenic

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18
Q

Which arteries in the brain will become atherosclerotic

A

ICA
MCA
vertebral/basilar arterial junction

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of a cardioembolic stroke

A

A-fib

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20
Q

What are some causes of an ischemic stroke

A

Thrombi/emboli
Atheroma
Partial occlusion

21
Q

How long does it take for tissue in the brain to become ischemic

A

3 hours

22
Q

What happens 6-12 hours after initial occlusion in brain

A

Infarcted area will become pale
*48-72hrs tissue will be necrotic

23
Q

What occurs in the brain after the tissue has necrosed

A

There will be an inflammatory reaction, which will cause an infiltration of macrophages… ultimately leaving a scarred cavity in the brain

24
Q

What will cause an intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke

A

AVM
HTN
cocaine
anticoagulation

25
Q

What can cause a non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Berry aneurysm rupture
AVM rupture

26
Q

What is the most common vessel to be blocked in an ischemic stroke

A

MCA

27
Q

What signs will be seen with an ischemic stroke on the patients dominant side

A

Aphasia

28
Q

What will be seen with an ischemic stroke on the patients non-dominant side

A

inattention
neglect
nonstructural apraxia

29
Q

If someone has a posterior ischemic attack, what signs might they have

A

Nystagmus
AMS
vertigo
Gait ataxia
inability to read
visual field deficit

30
Q

What will be seen with a basilar ischemic stroke

A

Dysarthria
Diplopia
HA
Babinski sign
locked-in syndrome
CN 7 abnormality

31
Q

What do you have to be aware of with a cerebellar ischemic stroke

A

Proximity to brainstem

Puts increased pressure which can cause herniation through the Forman

32
Q

What is the result of a lacunar ischemic stroke

A

Motor/sensory deficit

33
Q

what is a TIA

A

Temporary obstructions blood flow that will cause stroke like symptoms that last no more than 24 hours

34
Q

What can be affected by a TIA

A

brain
spinal cord
retina

35
Q

What cause a subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Uncontrolled HTN
ruptured aneurysms
AVM
Trauma

36
Q

What are subdural hemorrhages associated with

A

trauma

37
Q

What are epidural hemorrhages associated with

A

Trauma

38
Q

What occurs with a hemorrhagic stroke

A

Abutting tissue becomes deformed, putting pressure on the vasculature

this leads to ischemia and edema

This will elevate the ICP and cause necrosis

39
Q

What occurs with the reabsorption of blood in the brain

A

a cavity with a dense scar around the area

40
Q

Where are cerebral aneurysms most commonly seen

A

Arterial bifurcations

41
Q

Which area of the vessel becomes weakened with an aneurysm

A

tunica media

42
Q

When are signs present with cerebral aneurysms

A

Once they start bleeding

43
Q

When a cerebral aneurysm bleeds, where does the blood go

A

Subarachnoid space

44
Q

What is a sentinel bleed

A

A warning sign for a severe bleed

45
Q

What is giant cell arteritis

A

Inflammatory disease of the large or medium vessels that typically involves the cranial branches of the carotid

46
Q

How is temporal arteritis diagnosed

A

Biopsy

47
Q

What inflammatory changes will be seen in the cell wall in someone with inflammatory arteritis

A

Increased CD4
Increased T Lymphocytes
Increased macrophages

48
Q

What are the main symptoms of temporal arteritis

A

Temporal pain
HA
jaw / tongue claudication
visual changes

49
Q

What can giant cell arteritis lead to

A

ischemic optic neuropathy

CABS Neurology (11 decks)

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