Sensation

Question 1

What in a neuron receives signals

Answer 1

Dendrite

Question 2

What in the neuron is responsible for sending signals

Answer 2

Axon

Question 3

What are mechanical receptors sensitive to

Answer 3

Membrane stretch or extracellular protein movement that is connected to the ion channels

Question 4

Which kind of receptor is responsible for sensing proprioception

Answer 4

muscle spindle

Question 5

What are the Merkel, messier, pacinian, and Ruffini cells responsible for

Answer 5

Touch sensation

Question 6

What type of receptor is responsible for pain and temperature

Answer 6

Free nerve endings

Question 7

What is somatosensation

Answer 7

The feeling of touch, temperature, pain, proprioception

Question 8

Where are free nerve endings found

Answer 8

In the epidermis-> respond to noxious stimuli

Question 9

Where are the meisner afferents found

Answer 9

dermal papilla in the valleys of the fingerprints

Question 10

What makes up a corpuscle

Answer 10

several layers of connective tissue formed by Schwann cells

Question 11

What are meissner afferents useful for

Answer 11

Transducing information on low frequency vibration

important for grip and sensing slippage

Question 12

What are the only receptors in the epidermis

Answer 12

Merkel cells

in the overlying ridges of the fingerprints

Question 13

What type of receptors are found in deep skin, ligaments, and tendons

Answer 13

Ruffini

Question 14

How are Ruffini afferents oriented

Answer 14

parallel to stretch lines in the skin

Question 15

What are Ruffini afferents useful for

Answer 15

Sensitive to stretching skin produced by movement

Helps determine finger position of the fingers in conformation of the hand

Question 16

What type of receptor is located deep in the dermis or SQ tissue

Answer 16

Pacinian afferents

Question 17

What type of receptor looks like small onions with many layers of membrane surrounding an afferent fiber

Answer 17

pacinian

Question 18

What are pacinian receptors useful for

Answer 18

sensing vibrations transmitting through objects of the hand

Question 19

What mechanical receptors allow for rapid adaptation

Answer 19

pacinian and meissner

Question 20

What does sustained pressure on a mechanoreceptor allow for

Answer 20

Allows fluid between layers dissipates and stops deflection of axon terminal

Question 21

Which receptors have the smallest receptive fields

Answer 21

superficial

Question 22

What will stimulate a broad receptive field

Answer 22

Lots of pressure

Question 23

What is the only receptor not found in the fingertips

Answer 23

Ruffini

Question 24

What is a dermatome

Answer 24

Area of skin served by a single spinal ganglion

Question 25

Why is there no spinal dermatome in the face

Answer 25

Trigeminal cranial nerve 5 innervates the face

Question 26

Why doesn't C1 have a dermatome

Answer 26

It has no sensory root, only muscle innervation

Question 27

Which sensations have more overlap in dermatomes

Answer 27

More overlap for touch less overlap with pain and temperature

Question 28

What are first order neurons

Answer 28

Sensory neurons directly stimulated by touch that project to the cuneate / gracile nuclei

Question 29

What is a second order neuron

Answer 29

Neurons in the cuneate/gracile nuclei that project into the thalamus

Question 30

What are third order neurons

Answer 30

Neurons in the VPL that projects to the somatosensory cortex

Question 31

What are fasciculi

Answer 31

All axons first order neurons

Question 32

What does the fasciculi gracilis do

Answer 32

Conveys information from lower limbs and extremities

Question 33

What does the fasciculus cuneatus do

Answer 33

converts information from upper limbs, trunk, neck, and extremities

Question 34

What do the gracile and cuneate do

Answer 34

receive projections from the first order neurons

Question 35

Which nerve fibers decussate and what do they form

Answer 35

fibers that exit the cuneate and gracile nuclei form the internal arcuate fibers

Question 36

Where to fibers projecting from ventral posterior lateral (VPL) thalamus travel to

Answer 36

Through the internal capsule to the primary somatosensory cortex

Question 37

What is somatotropy

Answer 37

Point to point correspondence of the body on the cortex

Question 38

What happens when there is nerve damage

Answer 38

The part of the context that previously had somatosensory info will be taken over by nearby structures

Question 39

What are the three main subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 39

opthalamic maxillary mandibular

Question 40

What causes a muscle to pull back when you pull on a muscle

Answer 40

Muscle spindles

Question 41

How many muscle spindles are in large course muscles

Answer 41

fewer than smaller muscles

Question 42

What does the Golgi tendon organ do

Answer 42

sense muscle tension

Question 43

What is the purpose of the Golgi tendon organs

Answer 43

Perception of the limbs moving to track their position in space

Question 44

What are C fibers

Answer 44

unmyelinated, slowest conduction nociceptors that detect coolness, warmth, and itch

Question 45

What are Adelta fibers

Answer 45

myelinated slow conducting nociceptors usually sharp fast pain that quickly subsides

Question 46

What excites nociceptors

Answer 46

chemicals released during inflammation

Question 47

What do nociceptors release

Answer 47

Substance P that causes vasodilation, swelling, and the release of histamine from mast cells

Question 48

What are the results of a unilateral spinal cord lesion

Answer 48

Ipsilateral loss of somatosensation Contralateral loss of pain/temp perception

Question 49

What is referred pain

Answer 49

When visceral pain is felt in cutaneous areas

Question 50

Where do you feel gallbladder pain

Answer 50

scapula

Question 51

Where is ureteral pain felt

Answer 51

Lower abdominal wall

Question 52

Where is angina felt

Answer 52

chest wall arm hand

Question 53

What is allodynia

Answer 53

Induction of pain from a normally innocuous stimuli