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CABS Neurology > Sensation > Flashcards

Sensation Flashcards

1
Q

What in a neuron receives signals

A

Dendrite

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2
Q

What in the neuron is responsible for sending signals

A

Axon

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3
Q

What are mechanical receptors sensitive to

A

Membrane stretch or extracellular protein movement that is connected to the ion channels

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4
Q

Which kind of receptor is responsible for sensing proprioception

A

muscle spindle

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5
Q

What are the Merkel, messier, pacinian, and Ruffini cells responsible for

A

Touch sensation

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6
Q

What type of receptor is responsible for pain and temperature

A

Free nerve endings

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7
Q

What is somatosensation

A

The feeling of touch, temperature, pain, proprioception

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8
Q

Where are free nerve endings found

A

In the epidermis-> respond to noxious stimuli

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9
Q

Where are the meisner afferents found

A

dermal papilla in the valleys of the fingerprints

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10
Q

What makes up a corpuscle

A

several layers of connective tissue formed by Schwann cells

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11
Q

What are meissner afferents useful for

A

Transducing information on low frequency vibration

important for grip and sensing slippage

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12
Q

What are the only receptors in the epidermis

A

Merkel cells

in the overlying ridges of the fingerprints

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13
Q

What type of receptors are found in deep skin, ligaments, and tendons

A

Ruffini

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14
Q

How are Ruffini afferents oriented

A

parallel to stretch lines in the skin

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15
Q

What are Ruffini afferents useful for

A

Sensitive to stretching skin produced by movement

Helps determine finger position of the fingers in conformation of the hand

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16
Q

What type of receptor is located deep in the dermis or SQ tissue

A

Pacinian afferents

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17
Q

What type of receptor looks like small onions with many layers of membrane surrounding an afferent fiber

A

pacinian

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18
Q

What are pacinian receptors useful for

A

sensing vibrations transmitting through objects of the hand

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19
Q

What mechanical receptors allow for rapid adaptation

A

pacinian and meissner

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20
Q

What does sustained pressure on a mechanoreceptor allow for

A

Allows fluid between layers dissipates and stops deflection of axon terminal

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21
Q

Which receptors have the smallest receptive fields

A

superficial

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22
Q

What will stimulate a broad receptive field

A

Lots of pressure

23
Q

What is the only receptor not found in the fingertips

A

Ruffini

24
Q

What is a dermatome

A

Area of skin served by a single spinal ganglion

25
Q

Why is there no spinal dermatome in the face

A

Trigeminal cranial nerve 5 innervates the face

26
Q

Why doesn’t C1 have a dermatome

A

It has no sensory root, only muscle innervation

27
Q

Which sensations have more overlap in dermatomes

A

More overlap for touch

less overlap with pain and temperature

28
Q

What are first order neurons

A

Sensory neurons directly stimulated by touch that project to the cuneate / gracile nuclei

29
Q

What is a second order neuron

A

Neurons in the cuneate/gracile nuclei that project into the thalamus

30
Q

What are third order neurons

A

Neurons in the VPL that projects to the somatosensory cortex

31
Q

What are fasciculi

A

All axons first order neurons

32
Q

What does the fasciculi gracilis do

A

Conveys information from lower limbs and extremities

33
Q

What does the fasciculus cuneatus do

A

converts information from upper limbs, trunk, neck, and extremities

34
Q

What do the gracile and cuneate do

A

receive projections from the first order neurons

35
Q

Which nerve fibers decussate and what do they form

A

fibers that exit the cuneate and gracile nuclei

form the internal arcuate fibers

36
Q

Where to fibers projecting from ventral posterior lateral (VPL) thalamus travel to

A

Through the internal capsule to the primary somatosensory cortex

37
Q

What is somatotropy

A

Point to point correspondence of the body on the cortex

38
Q

What happens when there is nerve damage

A

The part of the context that previously had somatosensory info will be taken over by nearby structures

39
Q

What are the three main subdivisions of the trigeminal nerve

A

opthalamic
maxillary
mandibular

40
Q

What causes a muscle to pull back when you pull on a muscle

A

Muscle spindles

41
Q

How many muscle spindles are in large course muscles

A

fewer than smaller muscles

42
Q

What does the Golgi tendon organ do

A

sense muscle tension

43
Q

What is the purpose of the Golgi tendon organs

A

Perception of the limbs moving to track their position in space

44
Q

What are C fibers

A

unmyelinated, slowest conduction nociceptors that detect coolness, warmth, and itch

45
Q

What are Adelta fibers

A

myelinated slow conducting nociceptors

usually sharp fast pain that quickly subsides

46
Q

What excites nociceptors

A

chemicals released during inflammation

47
Q

What do nociceptors release

A

Substance P that causes vasodilation, swelling, and the release of histamine from mast cells

48
Q

What are the results of a unilateral spinal cord lesion

A

Ipsilateral loss of somatosensation

Contralateral loss of pain/temp perception

49
Q

What is referred pain

A

When visceral pain is felt in cutaneous areas

50
Q

Where do you feel gallbladder pain

A

scapula

51
Q

Where is ureteral pain felt

A

Lower abdominal wall

52
Q

Where is angina felt

A

chest wall
arm
hand

53
Q

What is allodynia

A

Induction of pain from a normally innocuous stimuli

CABS Neurology (11 decks)

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