Head trauma

Question 1

What is cushings triad

Answer 1

Elevated ICP from:
-Hypertension
-bradycardia
-Irregular breathing

Question 2

What is the most common type of brain herniation

Answer 2

Uncal transtentorial

Question 3

What occurs with an uncal transtentorial

Answer 3

Compression of cranial nerve 3
-Causes fixed dilated pupil on ipsilater side
*contralateral paralysis

Question 4

What will you see in someone with a central transtentorial herniation

Answer 4

Bilateral pinpoint pupils
increased time
decorticate posturing

Question 5

What occurs with a cerebellotonsillar herniation

Answer 5

Cerebellar tonsils are being pushed through the foramen magnum

Question 6

What signs will a patient show with cerebellotonsilar herniation

Answer 6

pinpoint pupils
Flaccid paralysis
Death

Question 7

In any sort of brain hemorrhage, what are the “H-bombs” you are avoiding

Answer 7

Hypotension
Hypoxia
Hypo/Hypercarbia
Hypo/Hyperthermia
Hypoglycemia

Question 8

What is the most lethal type of head bleed

Answer 8

Epidural hemorrhage

Question 9

Where is an epidural hemorrhage most common

Answer 9

temporal fossa

Question 10

What will an epidural hemorrhage look like on imaging

Answer 10

Lentiform fashion
Biconvex collection of blood
does NOT cross suture lines

Question 11

How will a patient progress with an epidural hemorrhage

Answer 11

Lucid until rapid deterioration

Question 12

What is a sign of impending herniation with an epidural hemorrhage

Answer 12

Contralateral hemiparesis

Question 13

What happens in the skull with a subdural hemorrhage

Answer 13

Tearing of the veins between the dura and arachnoid

Question 14

Who is commonly effected by subdural hemorrhage

Answer 14

Elderly
alcoholics

Question 15

What symptoms will a patient have with a subdural hematoma

Answer 15

headache
drowsiness
agitation
confusion

Question 16

Where are intraparenchymal bleeds most commonly found in the brain

Answer 16

Temporal or frontal lobes

Question 17

What injury typically causes diffuse axonal injury

Answer 17

Coup
countercoup

Question 18

What is the job of the ventral root

Answer 18

Carries motor sensation out of the cord

Question 19

What is the job of the dorsal root

Answer 19

Carries sensory information to the cord

Question 20

What symptoms will a patient exhibit with upper motor neuron injury

Answer 20

spastic paralysis
hyperreflexia
+babinski
NO fasciculations

Question 21

What defects will a patient have with a lower motor neuron injury

Answer 21

Flaccid paralysis
atrophy
hyporeflexia
no babinski
fasciculations

Question 22

What sensations are preserved with anterior cord syndrome

Answer 22

vibration
proprioception
light touch

Question 23

What causes a central cord syndrome

Answer 23

chiari formation

Question 24

What sensation will be lost with a central cord lesion

Answer 24

loss of pain and temp along the dermatome with the lesion

Question 25

What is brown-sequard syndrome

Answer 25

Functional hemisection with contralateral loss of pain and temp

ipsilateral loss of proprioception, vibratory loss, and spastic weakness

Question 26

Where is neurogenic shock most common

Answer 26

thoracic level trauma