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Year 2 Set 1 > Vertebral anatomy > Flashcards

Vertebral anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral bodies of cervical vertebrae

A

Small bodies

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2
Q

Vertebral foramen of cervical vertebrae

A

Triangular

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3
Q

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae

A

Has a foramen transversarium

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4
Q

Features of the atlas

A

Supports the skull. Lacks a body and spinous process. Has a large transverse process.

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5
Q

Features of the axis

A

Odontoid process, large, bifid spinous process. Slightly smaller transverse processes.

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6
Q

Features of C7

A

Called the vertebral prominens. Has a long spinous process which is not bifurcated and has large transverse processes.

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7
Q

A typical vertebra consists of…

A

A body, vertebral arch and 7 processes.

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8
Q

Components of the vertebral arch

A

Pedicles (lateral portions) and lamina (posterior portion)

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9
Q

7 vertebral processes

A

Transverse (x2), spinous, superior articular process (x2), inferior articular process (x2).

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10
Q

Intervertebral foramen

A

The gap formed by the spinous processes of two adjoining vertebra

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11
Q

Features of cervical vertebra

A

Small bodies, bifid spinous process, transverse foramen in the transverse process.

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12
Q

Features of the thoracic vertebra

A

Larger than cervicals, long and prominent SP with downward angle. Costal facets on the transverse processes and and additional tubercle which articulates with the rib.

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13
Q

Features of lumbar vertebrae

A

Large vertebral bodies with short, blunt spinous and transverse processes.

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14
Q

Sacrum

A

Triangular bone formed by 5 fused vertebrae.

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15
Q

Median sacral crest

A

Formed by the remnants of spinous processes

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16
Q

Lateral sacral crest

A

Formed by the remnants of the transverse processes.

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17
Q

Sacral promontory

A

Anterior lip of the base of the sacrum

18
Q

Auricular surface of the sacrum

A

Articulates with the ilium

19
Q

Sacral canal

A

Passes inferiorly through the sacrum and connects to the sacral foramina.

20
Q

Coccyx

A

4 fused very small vertebrae.

21
Q

Intervertebral disc thickness

A

Thicker towards the base of the spine. Account for 25% of the total height of the spine.

22
Q

Components of the intervertebral disc

A

Annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus.

23
Q

Nucleus pulposus with age

A

As it is water-based, it dries out and shrinks.

24
Q

What happens when the nucleus pulposus pushes out posteriorly?

A

It can compress the spinal nerves and cause sciatica.

25
Q

Which vertebral discs usually cause sciatica?

A

L4/L5 and L5/S1

26
Q

Zygopophyseal joints

A

Joints between the superior and inferior articular processes of vertebrae.

27
Q

Movement of zygopophyseal joints

A

Are plane/gliding joints with limited mobility.

28
Q

Movements allowed by the cervical spine

A

Flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation.

29
Q

Movements allowed by the thoracic spine

A

Overalpping spinous processes and the rib cage limit flexion, extension and lateral flexion.

30
Q

Movements allowed by the lumbar spine

A

Limited rotation, but can move otherwise.

31
Q

Movements allowed by the atlanto-occipital joint

A

Flexion and extension.

32
Q

Articulations of the atlanto-axial joint

A

Dens and the anterior arch of the atlas, righ and left articular processes.

33
Q

Functions of the intervertebral discs

A

Shock absorption, flexibility, creating lordotic curve, height.

34
Q

Ligaments of the cervical spine

A

Anterior and posteior longitudinal ligaments, ligamentum flava, ligamentum nuchae, intertransverse ligaments and interspinous ligaments

35
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Attahced to the vertebral bodies along the entire anterior spine from occiput to sacrum. Taut during extension.

36
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Attaches to the posterior surface of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. Wider over the discs and narrower over the vertebra. Runs occiput to sacrum and is taut during flexion.

37
Q

Ligamentum flava

A

Segmental ligament which attaches to the inner aspect of the lamina. Contains the most elastic fibers of all ligaments. Always taut, but most taut during flexion.

38
Q

Ligamentum nuchae

A

Attaches tot he nuchal line of the occiput and the spinous processes of C1 to C6. Becomes the supraspinous ligament below C7. Resists excessive flexion

39
Q

Intertransverse ligaments

A

Segmental ligaments from transverse process to transcerse process. Taut during flexion and side bending.

40
Q

Interspinous ligaments

A

Segmental ligaments from the lateral aspects of spinous processe to spinous process. Taut during flexion and rotation.

41
Q

Borders of the sub-occipital triangle

A

Rectus capitis major, obliques capitis inferior and superior.

42
Q

Structures within the sub-occipital traingle

A

Vertebral artery and vein and the sub-occipital nerve

Year 2 Set 1 (14 decks)

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