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Year 2 Set 1 > Common Low Back injuries > Flashcards

Common Low Back injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Cause of muscle strain

A

Acute injury or cumulative stress

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2
Q

Symptoms of muslce strain

A

Diffuse, achy pain. Stiff and tight muscles, especially with certain movements. Rest relieves the pain

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3
Q

Signs of muscle strain

A

Restricted ROM and point tenderness. Passive movements are not usually painful until at full stretch.

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4
Q

Causes of ligament sprain

A

Acute injury or cumulative stress

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5
Q

Symptoms of ligament sprain

A

Localized pain which is sharp in certain movements.

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6
Q

Signs of ligament sprain

A

Active and passive movements are painful, but resisted in not.

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7
Q

Grade I sprain

A

Stretching or mild tear of the ligaments. Includes little or no joint instability.

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8
Q

Grade II sprain

A

Incomplete tear with some looseness in the joint.

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9
Q

Grade III sprain

A

Completely torn or ruptured ligament. Can be mistaken for a broken bone because the joint is unusable.

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10
Q

Causes of facet joint dysfunction

A

Poor posture, muscle imbalance or hypertonicity which leads to fatigue, subluxation, fixation or an entrapped meniscoid.

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11
Q

Symptoms of facet joint dysfunction

A

May be painless, but may also radiate to the groin, gluteals and thighs.

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12
Q

Signs of facet dysfunction

A

Decreased extension, side bending and rotation. Potentially palpable in the form of displaced bony anaotomy.

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13
Q

Cause of Si joint dysfunction

A

Trauma or repetitive twisting.

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14
Q

Risk factors for SI joint dysfunction

A

Leg length discrepancy, muscle imbalance sustained muscle tightness.

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15
Q

Signs of Si joint dysfunction

A

Pelvis misalignment, subluxation, innominate rotation, flares, sacral dysfunction and positive Patrick’s test.

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16
Q

Causes of piriformis syndrome

A

Hypertonic piriformis, often due to excessive sitting, SI dysfunction or pelvic obliquety.

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16
Q

SI joint dysfunction symptoms

A

Pain in the gluteals, groin and posterior thigh. Can also radiate below the knee.

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17
Q

Signs of piriformis syndrome

A

Decreased coxal ROM. Increased pain during medial rotation.

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18
Q

Symptoms of piriformis syndrome

A

Pain when climbing inclines or when seated. Pain in the midline of the buttock which radiates to the posterior thighs.

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19
Q

Cause of coccydemia

A

Fall on the gluteals, childbirth or articular soft tissue changes.

20
Q

Symptoms of coccydemia

A

Coccyx pain when seated.

21
Q

Signs of coccydemia

A

Indication of pain, thickening of the coccygeal ligament.

22
Q

Causes of arthritis

A

Previous injury, sustained muscle tension, poor posture, muscular imbalances, obesity.

23
Q

Symptoms of arthritis

A

Dull, aching pain which is worse in the morning.

24
Q

Signs of arthritis

A

Chronic loss of lumbar extension and damage to the facets.

25
Q

Results of pelvis-crossed syndrome

A

Anterior rotation of the pelvis and hyperlordosis of the lumbar spine along with minimal hip flexion.

26
Q

Pelvis-Crossed syndrome

A

An imbalance between shortened and tight hip flexors and lumbar erector spinae and weakened gluteals and abdominals.

27
Q

Muscles which are tight in pelvis-crossed syndrome

A

Piriformis, hamstrings, erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, rectus femoris, TFL and iliopsoas.

28
Q

Muscles which are weak in pelvis-crossed syndrome

A

All 3 glutes, rectus abdominis, vastus medialis and lateralis.

29
Q

Torticollis

A

Scoliosis of the cervical spine.

30
Q

Cause of non-structural scoliosis

A

Postural problems, muscle imbalances, nerve root irritation, inflammation, contracture or compensation for leg length discrepencies.

31
Q

Signs and symptoms of non-structural scoliosis

A

Back pain, decreased flexibility. Side bending remains symmetrical and the curve disappears during forward flexion.

32
Q

Structural scoliosis causes

A

Bony deformity which may be congenital or acquired from excessive muscle weakness (quadriplagia)

33
Q

Signs and symptoms of structural scoliosis

A

Decreased flexibility, a curve that remains even during forward flexion.

34
Q

Schennermann’s disease

A

A type of structural kyphosis with anterior wedging of vertebrae. Affects up to 10% of adolescents and is typically found in the T10-L2 region.

35
Q

Cause of Schennermann’s disease

A

An abnormality in the growth rate during growth spurts.

36
Q

Signs and symptoms of Schennermann’s disease

A

Presents at age 10-15. Kyphosis, back pain, loss of flexion, muscle spasms and cramps.

37
Q

Treatment for Schennermann’s disease

A

Back brace, physiotherapy, surgery.

38
Q

Spondylosis

A

Degenerative disease of unknown etiology which affects the intervertebral joints. Results in bone spurs and ankylosis of adjacent vertebrae.

39
Q

Ankylosis

A

Stiffening and dcreased mobility of a joint that has been obliterated by fibrous tissue.

40
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

A forward displacement of one vertebrae over another.

41
Q

Spondylolysis

A

A defect in the arch of the vertebrae.

42
Q

Retrolisthesis

A

Backward displacement of one vertebrae over another.

43
Q

Lumbarizations

A

S1 is mobile and resembles a lumbar vertebrae.

44
Q

Sacralization

A

L5 is attached to the sacrum

45
Q

Butterfly vertebrae

A

Vertebral anomaly that results from the failure of fusion between the lateral halves of the vertebral body. Causes by persistent notochordal tissue between the halves.

46
Q

Congenital hip dysplasia signs and symptoms

A

Legs turn outward or appear to have different lengths, limited ROM, folds on legs are buttocks which are asymetrical.

47
Q

Pubic symphysis disruption

A

Rare condition in which the pubic symphysis separates completely during childbirth. Causes severe pain and requires surgery.

48
Q

Sacral dysplasia or caudal regression syndrome

A

Disorder that impairs the development of the lower half of the body.

Year 2 Set 1 (14 decks)

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