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year 2 set 1 > Sacral, Lumbar and Thoracic joint Pathology > Flashcards

Sacral, Lumbar and Thoracic joint Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The majority of low back pain is due to…

A

Soft tissue issues.

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2
Q

Types of soft tissue issues which can cause lower back pain

A

Muscle strains, ligament sprains, postural abnormalities, poor muslce tone, neuromuscular disease.

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3
Q

The second leading cause of low back pain

A

Disc disease.

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4
Q

Idopathic back pain.

A

Also called mechanical back pain. Pain of musculoskeletal origin.

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5
Q

Most common joints involved in low back pain

A

Facet and sacroiliac

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6
Q

Priciples for managing low back pain

A

Screen for more sinister diseases, reassure and manage symptoms, address underlying issude and return to function ASAP.

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7
Q

Risk factors for LBP

A

Repeated lifting, bad posture, weak core muscles, adaptive shortening, coughing, disc degeneration, osteoporosis, spondylolisthesis and underdating excessive work.

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8
Q

Pain

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with real or potential tissue damage.

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9
Q

Delayed return to work can be influenced by

A

The belief that the pain is work related, psychological or psychosocial issues, compensation and time off.

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10
Q

First phase of healing

A

Inflammatory/acute phase

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11
Q

Inflammatory/acute phase of healing

A

Lasts 48-72 hours. Includes vascular and immune response. Includes pain, loss of ROM, heat, swelling and reciprocal weakness.

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12
Q

Second phase of healing

A

Fibroplastic or subacute phase.

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13
Q

Third phase of healing

A

Remodeling or chronic phase.

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14
Q

Fibroplastic or subacute phase of healing

A

Days 3-21. Scar tissue is laid down. ROM is increased and pain and swelling are decreased.

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15
Q

Remodelling or chronic phase of healing

A

Day 21 to 6 to 12 months. Vascularity is lost and scar tissue is strengthened and aligned.

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16
Q

Spinal stenosis

A

Abnormal narrowing of the spinal canal, either central or lateral intervertebral foramen.

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17
Q

Causes of central spinal stenosis

A

Osteophyte enlargement of the inferior articular bodies, congenitally decreased diameter, hypertrophy of ligamentum flava, spondylolisthesis or neoplasm.

18
Q

Causes ot lateral spinal stenosis

A

Subluxation of facets as a result of disc narrowing. Symptoms are usually segmental.

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of spinal stenosis

A

Pain, motor deficits, tingling, numbness. Worsened by standing, walking, coughing and sneezing. Relieved by sitting and flexion.

20
Q

Pain of osteoporosis

A

Is due to collapsing vertebrae compressing nerves, not the actual bone collapses themselves.

21
Q

LBP due to ligaments

A

Felt primarily over the affected ligament, but may spread to a leg. Strethcing the ligament causes sharp, localized pain.

22
Q

LBP due to muslce sprains

A

Cause stiffness, weakness and postural changes. Will heal spontaneously as long as activity is maintained.

23
Q

LBP due to myofascial restrictions

A

Lead to postural limitations and can result in changes to other structures.

24
Q

First step in detemrining low back pain

A

Client interview

25
Q

Components of a client interview for LBP

A

Quality and quantity of pain, patient history, recent injuries and daily activities.

26
Q

Second step in determining low back pain

A

General assessments

27
Q

General assessments for LBP

A

Posture, gait, flexion (standing and seated), active ROM.

28
Q

Possible findings in a posture assessment in a patient with LBP

A

Sway back, lordosis, kyphosis, side bending, iliac crest discrepencies.

29
Q

Possible findings in a gait analysis in a patient with LBP

A

SHort stride, heavy heel strike, umbilicus tracking

30
Q

Third step in determining LBP

A

Specific assessments

31
Q

Specific assessments relevant to LBP

A

Coxa, sacrum, pelvis and lumbar

32
Q

Myotome

A

All muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve

33
Q

How to test a myotome

A

Hold a contraction for 6 seconds, then compare bilaterally

34
Q

L1/L2 myotome

A

Hip flexion; psoas, iliacus, sartorius, gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus and brevis

35
Q

L3 myotome

A

Knee extension; quadriceps, adductor magnus, longus and brevis

36
Q

L4 myotome

A

Tibialis anterior and posterior, quadriceps, TFL, adductor magnus, obturator externus

37
Q

L5 myotome

A

EHL, EDL, gluteus medius and minimus, obturator internus, semis, peroneus tertius and popliteus

38
Q

S1 myotome

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus, glute max, obturator internus, piriformis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, popliteus, peroneus longus and brevis, extensor digitorum brevis

39
Q

S2 myotome

A

Biceps femoris, piriformis, soleus, gatroc, FDL, EHL and intrinsic foot muslces.

40
Q

S3 myotome

A

Intrinsic foot muscles, FHB, FDB, EDB

year 2 set 1 (14 decks)

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