Skull anatomy Flashcards
Temporomandibular joint
Mandibular fossa and the articular tubercle of the temporal bone. Joint can glide or hinge. The joint space is filled with an articular disc.
Cranial bones
Occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid.
Occiput landmarks
Foramen magnum, hypoglassal canal, occipital condyles, EOP, inferior and superior nuchal lines, external occipital crest.
Temporal landmarks
Zygomatic process, mandibular fossa, external auditory meatus, styloid and mastoid processes, stylomastoid foramen, carotid canal.
Frontal landmarks
Supraorbital notches.
Sphenoid landmarks
Sella turcica, optic foramen, superior and inferior orbital fissures, foramina rotundum, ovale and spinosum.
Landmarks of the ethmoid
Crista galli, cribiform plate, middle nasal conchae.
Sutures of the skull
Lambdoid, sagittal, coronal, squamous.
Lambdoid suture
Joins the parietal bones to the occiput.
Sagittal suture
Joins the two parietal bones.
Coronal suture
Joins the two parietals to the frontal bone.
Squamous suture
Joins the parietal bone to the temporal bone.
Pterion
Small, H shaped suture line which unites the frontal, parietal and temporal bones as well as the greater wing of the sphenoid.
Calvaria
Skullcap
Number of bones in the adult skull
21 fused plus the mandible.
Auditory ossicles are found where?
Inside the temporal bone.
Nasal septum
Divides the nasal cavity. Consists of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid (upper) and the vomer (lower).
Inside surface of the skull
Has anterior, middle (right and left) and posterior fossa. Deepest at the back.
Sphenoid bone
Large, central bone of the skull. Contributes to the lateral walls of the skull.
Medial and lateral pterygoid plates
Bony plates of the sphenoid. Form the psterior and lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
Ethmoid
Midline bone which forms the lateral walls and upper roof of the nasal cavity, the upper nasal septum and the medial wall of the orbit.
Paired facial bones
Maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal and inferior nasal conchae.
Unpaired facial bones
Vomer and mandible
Maxilla
Forms the upper jaw, hard palate, medial floor of the orbit and lateral base of the nose. Includes the infraorbital foramen.
Alveolar surfaces
Found in the maxilla and mandible. Articulate with the teeth.
Palatine bones
Contribute a small area to the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and medial walls of the orbit. Contribute to the hard palate.
Zygomatic bones
Cheekbone. Contribute to the lateral wall of the orbit and have a short temporal process which contributes to the zygomatic arch.
Nasal bones
Contribute to the nose
Lacrimal bones
Contribute to the anterior and medial walls of the orbit. Contains the lacrimal fossa and nasolacrimal canal.
Inferior nasal conchae
Curved bony plate that projects into the nasal cavity.
Vomer
Posterior, inferior part of the nasal septum.
Mandible
Lower jaw
Parts of the mandible
Condyle, mandibular notch, coronoid process, ramus, angle and body. The body contains the mental foramen.
Foramina of the orbit
Supra- and infraorbital.
Nasal conchae functions
To swirl the incoming air
Paranasal sinus functions
Air warming and voice resonance.
Paranasal sinuses
Frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid air cells.
Hyoid
U shaped bone attached to the pharynx and larynx at the level of C3. Anchors the tongue.
Auditory ossicle names
Malleus, incus, stapes
Suprahyoid muslces
Run from the mandible to the hyoid and serve to lift the hyoid up.
Suprahyoid muscle names
Mylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid, stylohyoid
Infrahyoid muscle names
Sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternothyroid and omohyoid.
