Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Exam 2 > Vertebrae, Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Vertebrae, Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of the body of vertebrae?

A

Support body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the body primarily composed of?

A

Spongy bone, with compact bone shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Purpose of the trabeculae?

A

Arranged vertically to resist compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where are the epiphyseal rims located?

A

Superior and inferior portions on the outside of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The vertebral arch is split into ______ and _______.

A

Pedicles and Laminas (R and L)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are the pedicles or laminae closer to the vertebral body?

A

Pedicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the boundaries of the vertebral foramen?

A

Vertebral body and arch (pedicle and laminae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the vertebral foramen contain?

A

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vertebral foramen of connecting vertebrae form what?

A

Vertebral canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the boundaries of the intervertebral foramen?

A

Floor-Superior vertebral notch of pedicle
Roof-Inferior vertebral notch of pedicle
Posterior-Lamina/zygapophyseal joint
Anterior-Body/disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the intervertebral foramen contain?

A

Spinal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 7 processes on the vertebrae?

A

(1) spinous process- project posteriorly
(2) transverse processes- project laterally
(2) superior articular processes- form 2 zygapophysial joints with inferior articulation process of vertebrae above.
(2) inferior articular processes- form 2 zygapophysial joints with superior articulation process of vertebrae below.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the angle between the spinous process and the transverse process called?

A

Gutter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the articulations between 2 vertebrae?

A
  • Body to body via disk and uncovertebral joint

- R and L inferior articular facets with superior articular facets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The inferior articular process and superior articular process form what joint to help keep the vertebrae aligned? These processes also do what?

A

Zygapophyseal joint

Limit movement depending on angle of articular surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is movement of the head performed?

A

C1 atlantooccipital joint + all other cervical joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In general, the cervical is more ______.

A

mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The ____________ of the zygapophyseal joints of the cervical vertebrae allows ______________.

A

horizontal oriented articular surface

Flex/extension, ab/adduction, rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the identifying features of the cervical vertebrae?

A
  • Transverse foramen
  • Anterior and posterior tubercles
  • grooves for spinal nerves
  • uncinate process
  • bifid spinous process
  • vertebrae prominens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What goes through the cervical transverse foramen?

A

Vertebral arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where are the cervical anterior and posterior tubercles located?

A

On the transverse process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the muscle attachments for the anterior and posterior tubercles of the cervical vertebrae?

A

Scalenes and levator scapulae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The cervical tubercles together make up what?

A

Grooves for spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the uncinate process and its function?

A

Elevated superior epiphyseal rim anterior and laterally (*not posterior) which allows for free flexion and extension but limits ab/adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The uncinate process forms what joint?

A

Uncovertebral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the bifid spinous process?

A

Forked portion of cervical spinous process at C3-C6 (*good for ID on practical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where is the vertebral prominens located?

A

Located on C7, long spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

C1 is known as?

A

Atlas, atlantooccipital joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the atlas not have?

A

Vertebral body or spinous process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The atlas has what instead of a vertebral body?

A

Anterior arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What on the lateral side of C1 contains superior and inferior articular processes? What does it do?

A

Lateral masses

Transmits weight from head to C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

C2 is known as?

A

Axis, atlantoaxial joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Another name for the dens and its purpose.

A

Obontoid process

Projects superior and forms a pivot for the atlantoaxial joint around which the head rotates (no)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Purpose of the superior articular facets of the axis.

A

Transmits weight from lateral masses of C1 to body of C2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the 4 feeds to the brain?

A

(2) carotid

(2) vertebral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which vertebrae have costal facets on their bodies to allow for a rib to articulate above and below?

A

T2-T9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

These articulations of the ribs to the bodies of vertebae limit ________ and limit ________.

A
  • Limit flex/extension

- Limit Ab/Adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Ribs also attach to the _________ _______ of the vertebrae

A

-Transverse process

40
Q

The ribs pivot minimally at the vertebrae to allow for _________

A

Breathing

41
Q

What are the three places where ribs attach?

A

Sup and Inf Vertebral body

Inf Vertebral transverse process

42
Q

5

A

5

43
Q

6

A

6

44
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

45
Q

Why do lumbar have massive bodies?

A

To support weight

46
Q

Sagittal oriented T12-L1 articular processes allow what?

A

Flexion/extension and limited ab/adduction, but blocks rotation

47
Q

Coronally oriented articular processes of inferior lumbar vertebrae allow what?

A

Ab/adduction and rotation, but limit flexion/extension

48
Q

Sagittal oriented processes are located _______ while coronally oriented articular processes are located _______.

A

Superior

Inferior

49
Q

What is different about L5 vertebrae?

A

It is the largest vertebrae

The body is higher anteriorly than posteriorly creating the lumbosacral angle

50
Q

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5 fused

51
Q

What is the sacral canal and what does it house?

A

It is a continuation of the vertebral canal and houses the cauda equina (spinal roots)

52
Q

The anterior and posterior sacral foramena serve as openings for what?

A

Dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves.

Ventral- Hip and leg muscles and dermatomes
Dorsal- dorsal dermatomes and muscles

53
Q

The superior articular processes does what?

A

Articulates with L5 to contribute to the lumbosacral angle. (130-160 degrees)

54
Q

What is the sacral promontory?

A

Projection of S1 into the pelvic cavity

55
Q

Where is the apex of the sacrum

A

inferior end

56
Q

Pelvic vs Dorsal surface

A

Pelvic- “smooth and concave”

Dorsal- “rough and convex”

57
Q

The sacral crest is divided into what 3 parts?

What are these projections for?

A
  • Median, intermediate, lateral sacral crest

- Projections are for muscle attachments

58
Q

What is the hiatus?

A

Opening at the inferior sacrum

59
Q

The sacroiliac joint is made up of what?

A

Lateral and anterior articular surfaces

lateral and posterior sacral tuberosity

60
Q

The auricular surface is a planar synovial joint while the sacral tuberosity is a _______ joint.

A

syndesmosis (fibrous) joint

61
Q

Why are females coccyx straight?

A

Birth canal

62
Q

Function of the coccyx.

A

Anchors pelvic diaphragm

Regulates pressure

63
Q

Where are intervertebral joints located?

A

between bodies

64
Q

The IV disks are composed of what?

A

Annulus fibrosus and Nucleus pulposus

65
Q

The IV joints account for ___ percentage of the vertebral column length.

A

25

66
Q

A decrease length in the disk means what?

A

Decreased mobility

67
Q

Where is the anterior longitudinal ligament and what does it do?

A

Runs from C1 and occipital bone to pelvic surface of sacrum, interconnecting the anterior/lateral surfaces of vertebrae

Limits extension of vertebral column

68
Q

Where is the posterior longitudinal ligament and what does it do?

A

Runs from C2 to sacrum through the vertebral canal interconnection posterior bodies and IV disks

Limits hyperflexion

Weaker than anterior ligament

69
Q

Zygapophyseal is classified as what?

A

Plane type synovial joint

Weak capsule

70
Q

Ligaments that stabilize the zygapophyseal joint and where they are.

A
  • Ligament flava- connects lamina
  • Interspinous ligaments- connects spinous processes
  • Supraspinous ligaments- on top of spinous processes
  • Nuchal ligaments- connects cervical spinous processeses to occipital
  • Intertransverse ligaments- connect transverse processes
71
Q

All of the ligaments of the zygapophyseal joint do what?

A

Limit flexion because they are located posteriorly

72
Q

The atlantooccipital joint is classified as what?

A

Condyloid type synovial joint

73
Q

What does the atlantooccipital joint allow?

A

Flexion/extension

74
Q

Anterior and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes are composed of what?

A

Ligaments/capsules

75
Q

The atlantoaxial joint is located where?

A

Between C2 and C1

76
Q

What are the 3 articulations that form the joint?

A

(2) lateral antantoaxial apophyseal joints- between superior articular processes of axis and lateral masses of atlas
(1) median atlantoaxial joint (pivot joint)

77
Q

The atlantoaxial joint does what movement?

A

rotation

78
Q

Ligaments of the atlanto-axial joint

A
  • transverse ligament of atlas
  • longitudinal bands of…
  • cruciate ligament
  • alar ligaments
  • tectoral membrane
79
Q

What is the main function of the atlanto-axial ligaments?

A

Mainly hold dens

Limit flexion and ab/adduction

80
Q

Two joint types of the sacroiliac joint

A

anterior- planar, synovial joint

posterior- syndesmosis between interlocking tuberous surfaces of sacrum and ilium

81
Q

Movements of the sacroiliac joint

A

Slight depression when weight is applied

Rotate (tilt) the coccyx posterior (out) when weight is applied

82
Q

SI joint ligaments

A

Anterior SI ligaments-thickening of synovial joint capsule

Interosseous SI ligaments- limits all movement and transfers weight to hip

Posterior SI ligaments- big and strong shock absorbers that limit depression of sacrum and elevation of ilium

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments- limit posterior tilt of sacrum/coccyx

83
Q

Movements of the vertebral column

A

Flexion/extension
Ab/adduction
Rotation

Flexion blocked by ribs

84
Q

Movement of the vertebral column is limited by what?

A

IV disk thickness, elasticity, and compressibility

Zygapophyseal joint shape and orientation
Zygapophyseal joint capsule strength (thickness)

85
Q

T or F. Movements at individual intervertebral joints are small.

A

True, the summation produces considerable movement

86
Q

Lumbar region is set up for _______, allowing minimal _______.

A

Flexion and extension

Rotation

87
Q

Thoracic region is set up for _______, allowing for minimal _______.

A

Rotation

Flexion and extension

88
Q

Curvatures in the vertebral column

A

Cervical=lordosis
Thoracic=kyphosis
Lumbar=lordosis
Sacral=kyphosis

LKLK

89
Q

Why is the spine curved?

A

Shock absorption
Easier to balance curved
Flexibility

90
Q

Main arteries of the cervical vertebrae

A

vertebral and ascending cervical

91
Q

Main arteries of the thoracic vertebrae

A

posterior intercostal arteries

92
Q

Main arteries of the lumbar vertebrae

A

subcostal and lumbar arteries

93
Q

Main arteries of the sacral vertebrae

A

iliolumbar and lateral and medial sacral arteries

94
Q

Veins of the vertebral column

A
  • Anterior and posterior external vertebral plexus
  • Anterior and posterior internal vertebral plexus
  • Basivertebral vein- drains blood from vertebral body into anterior internal and external plexus
95
Q

Nerves of the vertebral column

A

Recurrent meningeal nerve

Articular branches from medial branches from posterior rami

Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions