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Anatomy Exam 2 > Skull > Flashcards

Skull Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 8 bones of the cranial cavity?

A
  • Frontal
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
  • Occipital
  • (2) Temporal
  • (2) Parietal
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2
Q

The bones of the skull are joined by ______ which are considered _______ joints.

A

Sutures

Synarthrodial (can’t move)

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3
Q

Regions of the Cranial Cavity

A
  • Roof= calvaria
  • Floor= base
  • Occiput= back
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4
Q

What is the viscerocranium and what are the 15 bones?

A

Viscerocranium= facial bones

(15) Bones
- Mandible
- Ethmoid
- Vomer
- (2) Maxilla
- (2) Inferior nasal conchae
- (2) Zygomatic
- (2) Palatine
- (2) Nasal
- (2) Lacrimal

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5
Q

What are the 7 bones that make up the eye socket?

A
  • Frontal bone
  • Zygomatic bone
  • Maxillary bone
  • Sphenoid bone
  • Ethmoid bone
  • Palatine bone
  • Lacrimal bone
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6
Q

What type of joint is the mandible?

A

Diarthrotic

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7
Q

What is the glabella?

A

Medial projecting part of forehead

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8
Q

What is the nasion?

A

Bridge of nose

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9
Q

4 Parts of the Ethmoid Bone?

A
  1. ) Crista galli
  2. ) Cribriform plate with olfactory foramina for CN1
  3. ) Perpendicular plate of nasal septum
  4. ) Superior and Middle Nasal Conchae
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10
Q

What is the crista galli important for?

A

Attaching dura mater

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11
Q

What is the olfactory foramina part of the cribriform plate important for?

A

CN1 passes through here

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12
Q

8 Parts of the Sphenoid Bone?

A
  1. ) Medial Pterygoid Process
  2. ) Lateral Pterygoid Process
  3. ) Sella Turcica for Pituitary
  4. ) Optic Canals and Prechiasmatic Sulcus for CN2
  5. )Superior Orbital Fissure for CN3,4,6, and opthalmic n. of C5
  6. ) Foramen rotundum for CN5 maxillary br.
  7. ) Foramen ovale for CN5 mandibular br.
  8. ) Foramen spinosum for middle meningeal a.
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13
Q

Importance of the sphenoid bone?

A

All other cranial bones attach to it

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14
Q

What part of the sphenoid holds the pituitary gland?

A

Sella turcica

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15
Q

What goes through the optic canal?

A

Cranial Nerve 2 (optic)

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16
Q

What nerves goes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN 3, 4, 6, and opthalmic branch of C5 (V1)

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17
Q

What are the names of the ROS foramen and what nerves or arteries go through them?

A

R- Foramen Rotundum
-CN5 maxillary branch (V2)

O- Foramen Ovale
-CN5 mandibular branch (V3)

S- Foramen Spinosum
- Middle meningeal artery

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18
Q

8 Parts of the Occipital Bone?

A
  1. ) External occipital protuberance
  2. ) Nuchal lines
  3. ) Foramen magnum
  4. ) Jugular foramen
  5. ) Occipital condyles
  6. ) Groove for transverse sinus
  7. ) Groove for sigmoid sinus
  8. ) Hypoglossal canal for CN12
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19
Q

What goes through the foramen magnum?

A
  • Spinal Cord
  • Brain stem
  • Vertebral Arteries
  • CN11 (Accessory) (IN)
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20
Q

What goes through the jugular foramen?

A
  • Internal Jugular Vein

- CN9 (glossopharyngeal), CN10 (Vagus), CN11 (Accessory)

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21
Q

Purpose of the occipital condyles?

A

Form the atlantooccipital joint with articular surfaces of C1

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22
Q

What goes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN12 (hypoglossal)

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23
Q

8 Parts of the Temporal Bone?

A
  1. ) External acoustic meatus
  2. ) Mastoid process
  3. ) Styloid process
  4. ) Zygomatic process
  5. ) Mandibular fossa
  6. ) Jugular foramen
  7. ) Carotid canal for internal carotid artery
  8. )Stylomastoid foramen for CN7 (out)
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24
Q

What are the 2 regions of the Temporal Bone?

A

Squamos
-lateral, thinnest part of cranial cavity
Petromastiod
-thickest, for auditory and vestibular

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25
Q

What is the importance of the mandibular fossa?

A

Articulation with mandible to for the TMJ.

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26
Q

What goes through the jugular foramen?

A
  • Internal jugular vein
  • CN9 (glossopharyngeal)
  • CN10 (vagus)
  • CN11 (accessory)
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27
Q

What goes through the carotid canal?

A
  • Internal Carotid artery

- Sympathetic plexus

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28
Q

What goes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

CN7 (out)

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29
Q

What nerves are in the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN7 (facial), CN8 (vestibulocochlear)

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30
Q

What are the 2 parts of the parietal bone?

A
  • Eminence- sticks out

- Superior and Inferior temporal lines

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31
Q

9 parts of the mandible?

A
  1. ) alveoli form sockets for teeth
  2. ) head to articulate with mandibular fossa of temporal bone = TMJ
  3. ) Neck
  4. ) Ramus
  5. ) Body
  6. ) Coronoid Process
  7. ) Angle
  8. ) Notch
  9. ) Mental protuberance=chin
32
Q

The vomer meets up with what bone?

It also forms the floor of what?

A
  • Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

- Nasal Cavity

33
Q

4 parts of the maxilla?

A
  1. ) Alveoli form sockets for teeth
  2. ) Palatine processes
  3. ) Infraorbital margin
  4. ) Inferior orbital fissure for CN5 zygomatic branch of maxillary branch (V2)
34
Q

What is the purpose of the inferior nasal conchae?

A

Clean, moisten, and heat air

35
Q

2 parts of the zygomatic bones?

A
  1. ) Temporal process

2. ) Infraorbital margin

36
Q

3 parts of the palatine bones?

A
  1. ) Horizontal plate (palate)
  2. ) Perpendicular plate (walls of nasal cavity and orbit)
  3. ) Choanae open to nasal pharynx
37
Q

The nasal bones form what?

A

Nasal cavities

38
Q

The lacrimal bones connect what?

A

orbital to nasal cavity

39
Q

What forms the piriform aperture?

A
  • Nasal

- Maxilla

40
Q

What makes up the nasal cavity walls?

A

Roof
-Ethmoid

Lateral Wall

  • Ethmoid Superior and Middle Nasal Conchae
  • Palatine perpendicular plate
  • Inferior nasal conchae
  • Maxilla

Floor

  • Maxilla palatine process
  • Palatine bones

Medial Wall = Nasal Septum

  • Vomer
  • Ethmoid perpendicular plate
  • Septal cartilage
41
Q

7 Orbit Bones

A
  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid
  • Maxilla
  • Zygomatic
  • Palatine
  • Ethmoid
  • Lacrimal
42
Q

The cranial cavity divides cranial bones into ______,______, and _________ fossa

A

Anterior, Middle, Posterior

43
Q

Bones of the anterior cranial fossa?

A
  • Frontal
  • Ethmoid
  • Sphenoid
44
Q

Bones of the middle cranial fossa?

A
  • Sphenoid

- Temporal

45
Q

Bones of the posterior cranial fossa?

A
  • Occipital
  • Sphenoid
  • Temporal
46
Q

What are the parts of the superior and inferior temporal lines?
What muscle is in this area?

A
  • Temporal
  • Parietal
  • Frontal
  • Zygomatic

Temporal muscles are in this area

47
Q

What makes up the zygomatic arch?

A
  • Zygomatic process of temporal bone

- Temporal process of zygomatic bone

48
Q

What does the hard palate consist of?

A
  • Palatine process of maxilla

- Palatine Bones

49
Q

What bones have sinuses?

A
  • Frontal sinus
  • Ethmoidal air cells
  • Maxillary sinus
  • Sphenoid sinus

FEMS

sinuses for sound resonation

50
Q

Important sutures of the skull?

A

Coronal
-seperates frontal and parietal

Sagittal
-seperates right and left parietal

Lambdoid
-seperates occipital from parietal

Occipitomastoid
-seperates occipital from temporal

Squamos
-seperates temporal from parietal

Lambda
-intersection of lambdoid and sagittal sutures

Bregma
-intersection of sagittal and coronal sutures

Pterion
-“H” shaped iintersection of coronal, squamos, and sphenoid bone

Vertex
-most superior point of calvaria on sagittal suture

Asterion
-junction of lambdoid, occipitomastoid, and squamos

51
Q

What is the articulation of the TMJ?

A

Head of mandible with mandibular fossa of temporal bone

52
Q

What is the joint type of the TMJ?

A

-Synovial modified hinge joint

53
Q

Joint capsule is seperated by the articular disc of the TMJ into _______ and _________ articular cavities which form seperate __________ cavities, each cavity has its own set of movements.

A

Superior and inferior

Synovial

54
Q

TMJ Ligaments

A

Lateral ligament of the TMJ
-prevents posterior dislocation

Stylomandibular ligament
-prevents downward dislocation

Sphenomandibular ligament
-prevents downward dislocation

55
Q

Movements of the TMJ?

A
  1. ) pro/retrusion
    - occur in the superior articular cavity
  2. ) elevation/depression
    - occur in the inferior articular cavity
  3. ) lateral, ab/adduction
    - occur in the inferior articular cavity
56
Q

What are the 4 main muscles of mastication?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Lateral pterygoid
  • Medial Pterygoid
57
Q 
Temporalis
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- temporal fossa
Insertion- coronoid process of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close

58
Q 
Masseter
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- zygomatic arch
Insertion- mandible angle
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close

59
Q 
Lateral pterygoid
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin-lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
Insertion- head of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- protraction of jaw, depress to open

60
Q 
Medial pterygoid
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid, pyramidal process of palatine bone
Insertion-medial surface of angle of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close

61
Q

Muscles of facial expression are all innervated by what nerve?

A

CN7 (facial nerve)

62
Q

What is the main muscle of the scalp?

A

Occipitofrontalis

63
Q

What is the occipitofrontalis connected by?

A

Epicranial aponeurosis- raises eyebrow

64
Q

What are the muscles of the mouth, lips, and cheeks?

A
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Buccinator
  • Depressor anguli oris
  • Levator anguli oris
  • Depressor labii inferioris
  • Levator labii superioris
  • Zygomaticus major
  • Zygomaticus minor
  • Platysma
65
Q

The orbicularis oris functions to do what?

A

close the mouth

66
Q

The buccinator goes from _____/______ to ______.

It synergizes with the tongue in _______ formation.

A
  • maxilla/mandible

- bolus

67
Q

Depressor anguli oris goes from ______ to ______.

This will produce a ______.

A
  • mandible to angle of mouth

- frown

68
Q

Levator anguli oris goes from ______ to _______.

This will produce a ____/______.

A
  • maxilla to angle of mouth

- grin/grimace

69
Q

The depressor labii inferioris goes from ____ to ____.

This will produce a ____.

A
  • mandible to lower lip

- pout, pull lower lip out

70
Q

The levator labii superioris goes from ______ to _____.

This functions to ________.

A
  • maxilla to upper lip

- pull upper lip out

71
Q

The zygomaticus major goes from _____ to ______.

This functions to _____.

A
  • lateral zygomatic to angle of mouth

- smile

72
Q

The zygomaticus minor goes from _____ to _______.

This functions to _______.

A
  • medial zygomatic to upper lip

- dilator

73
Q

The platysma goes from _______ to ________.

This functions to __________ and __________.

A
  • pectoralis major fascia to mandible

- tighten skin and depress jaw

74
Q

What muscle does the platysma synergize with to depress the jaw?

A

lateral pterygoid

75
Q

What are the muscles of orbital and nasal openings?

A

Orbicularis oculi → close eyelids
-Palpebral = soft close
-Orbital = hard close
Nasalis → flare nostrils

Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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