Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 2 > Neck: muscles, nerves, blood vessels, organs and spaces > Flashcards

Neck: muscles, nerves, blood vessels, organs and spaces Flashcards

(100 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The hyoid bone is located between the ______ and _______. It does not _______ with any other bone.

A
  • Mandible
  • Larynx
  • Does not articulate with any other bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two functions of the hyoid bone?

A
  • Attachment for neck muscles

- Attached to larynx via thyrohyoid membrane to move larynx in swallowing and speaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What attaches the hyoid bone to the larynx?

A

thyrohyoid membrane- to move larynx in swallowing and speaking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Landmarks of the hyoid are?

A
  • Body
  • Lesser horns
  • Greater horns
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is located in the superficial cervical fossa (hypodermis)?

A

Cutaneous nerves, blood vessels, lymph, fat, and platysma muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the purpose of the platysma muscle?

A

tightens skin and synergizes with lateral pterygoid to depress the jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three layers of the deep cervical fascia?

Superficial, Middle, Deep

A

Investing Layer, Pretracheal Layer, Prevertebral Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the superior attachment of the investing layer?
What is the inferior attachment of the investing layer?
What are the walls of the investing layer?

A
  • Superior- Skull, hyoid
  • Inferior- pectoral girdle, rib cage
  • Walls- deep fascia of traps, SCM, nuchal ligaments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the pretracheal layer enclose?

A
  • Trachea
  • Esophagus
  • Thyroid Glands
  • Infrahyoid Muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does prevertebral layer include?

A

-forms a CT tube around cervical vertebrae column and muscles attached to cervical vertebral column:

  • longus colli
  • longus capitis
  • scalenes
  • posterior deep cervical muscles
  • also has sympathetic chain ganglia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where does the prevertebral run to and from?

A

Skull to thorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is inside the carotid sheath?

A

Carotid arteries, jugular veins, vagus nerves, and lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the retropharyngeal space?

A
  • Area located between the pretracheal and prevertebral layer
  • Allows organs in pretracheal fascia to slide over the prevertebral compartment during flexion and extension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The ____________ interconnects the carotid sheaths and subdivides the ___________________.

A

Alar fascia

Retropharyngeal space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are superficial muscles of the neck?

A
  • Platysma
  • Trapezius
  • Sternocleidomastoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q 
Platysma
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- Inferior border of mandible
Inferior- Pectoralis fascia
Innervation- Cervical branch
Action- tightens skin and acts with the lateral pterygoid muscle to depress the jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q 
Sternocleidomastoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- Mastoid process
Inferior- Manubrium and clavicle
Innervation- Accessory nerve
Action- Flexes, Extends, Ab/adduct, rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
Trapezius
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- external occipital protuberance to bottom of thoracic vertebrae
Inferior- lateral clavicle and spine of scapula
Innervation- accessory nerve (CN11)
Action- elevate, depress, retract, rotate to depress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
Mylohyoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- mandible and rapha
Inferior- body of hyoid bone
Innervation- C5
Action- elevation of larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
Geniohyoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- mandible, chin
Inferior- hyoid
Innervation- C1-4 (cervical plexus)
Action- elevation of larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q 
Stylohyoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- temporal bone styloid process
Inferior- hyoid bone
Innervation- CN7 (facial nerve)
Action- elevation of larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
Digastric
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- mandible to hyoid sling
Inferior- hyoid sling to mastoid
Innervation- CN5 (anterior belly), CN7 (posterior belly)
Action- elevation of larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Omohyoid
  • Thyrohyoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
``` Sternohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- sternum Inferior- hyoid bone Innervation- cervical plexus Action- depress the larynx
26
``` Sternothyroid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- thyroid cartilage Inferior- sternum Innervation- cervical plexus Action- depress the larynx
27
``` Omohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- hyoid to clavicular sling Inferior-clavicular sling to scapula Innervation- cervical plexus Action- depress the larynx -connected at sling by intermediate tendon
28
``` Thyrohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- hyoid bone Inferior- thyroid cartilage Innervation- cervical plexus Action- depression of larynx
29
What are the deep muscles of the neck?
- Longus colli (superior and inferior) - Longus capitis - Rectus capitis anterior - Rectus capitis lateralis - Scalenes (ant, middle, post)
30
``` Longus colli Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- body of upper to transverse process of middle to body of lower cervical vertebrae Inferior-" Innervation- cervical plexus Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation
31
``` Longus capitis Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- occipital Inferior- transverse processes of middle vertebrae Innervation- cervical plexus Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation
32
``` Rectus capitis anterior Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- Occipital Inferior-anterior C1 Innervation- cervical plexus Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation
33
``` Rectus capitis lateralis Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- occipital Inferior- transverse process of C1 Innervation- cervical plexus Action- proprioception
34
``` Scalenes (ant, middle, post) Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action? ```
Superior- All attach at transverse processes of middle cervical vertebrae Inferior- Anterior and Middle (Rib 1), Posterior (Rib 2) Innervation cervical plexus Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation, lift rib cage for inspiration
35
What are the 2 main artery branches at the neck?
Carotid Artery | Subclavian Artery
36
The common carotid splits at the ___________. | The internal carotid goes to the _______ and the external carotid goes to _________
- Splits at carotid bifurcation - Internal goes to brain and circle of Willis - External goes to superficial head structures
37
What does the carotid sinus do? | What does the carotid body do?
- Sinus- baroreceptor (BP) | - Body- chemoreceptor (CO2 levels)
38
The external carotid provides blood to the ________ and ________.
upper neck and surface of head
39
The subclavian artery branches off to what portions?
- Vertebral artery - Thyrocervical trunk - Costocervical trunk - Internal thoracic artery
40
What is the path of the vertebral artery?
- Comes off subclavian - Goes through transverse foramen - Goes through foramen magnum
41
The thyrocervical trunk feeds what structures?
Thyroid and cervical structures -Muscles at base of neck, and scapula
42
The costocervical trunk feeds what structures?
Ribs and cervical structures
43
Where does the internal thoracic artery go and what does it feed into?
Goes to anterior rib cage -Feeds into superior epigastric
44
Veins of the neck?
- Internal jugular vein - External jugular vein - Anterior jugular vein
45
The internal jugular vein drains blood from what? | It unites with the subclavian vein to form _______ at the _______ where lymphatic ducts attach.
- Drains blood from brain | - Form brachiocephalic vein at the venous angle
46
What prevents back-flow of blood to the brain?
Venous valve
47
The external jugular vein drains what? Where does it feed into?
- Superficial structures of the head | - Feeds into subclavian vein
48
What does the anterior jugular vein feed into?
External jugular vein
49
Nerves associated?
Cranial Nerves Cervical Plexus Brachial Plexus Sympathetic Trunks
50
Cranial Nerves and their functions?
1.) Spinal accessory (CN11)- to trapezius and SCM 2.) Hypoglossal nerve (CN12)- goes to tongue, runs with cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis) 3.)Glossopharyngeal (CN9)- to tongue and pharynx 4.)Vagus nerve (CN10)- to tongue, pharynx, thorax, and abdomen -right recurrent laryngeal- loops around right subclavian artery to trachea, esophagus, and muscles of larynx -left recurrent laryngeal- loops around aortic arch to trachea, esophagus, and muscles of larynx -cardiac branches- to cardiac plexus of heart -pharyngeal branches- pharynx
51
Parts of the cervical plexus?
- Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)- goes to omohyoid, sternothyroid, and sternohyoid - Phrenic nerves (C3-C5)- 3,4,5 keep the diaphragm alive - Sensory nerves - lesser occipital n. (C2)- cutaneous to posterolateral scalp - great auricular n.(C2,3)- cutaneous to lateral scalp (ear) and superior neck - transverse cervical n. (C2,3)- cutaneous to anterolateral jaw and neck - supraclavicular n. (C3,4)- cutaneous to base of neck and shoulder
52
Brachial plexus consists of what
ventral rami C5-T1
53
The sympathetic trunk is how long?
From sacrum to base of skull
54
How many ganglia is the sympathetic trunk composed of? | Go in depth on all
3 ganglia 1. )Superior ganglion - superior cervical cardiac n. to cardiac plexus - arterial branches - internal carotid (symp) plexus- symp innervation to brain 2. )Middle ganglion - middle cervical cardiac n. to cardiac plexus 3. )Inferior ganglion - inferior cervical cardiac n. to cardiac plexus
55
4/5ths of the body's lymph goes through what? | What is the lymph system for?
Thoracic duct | Fluid balance
56
Where is the thoracic duct located?
Venous angle between internal jugular and subclavian
57
What are the organs of the neck?
- Thyroid - Parathyroid - Larynx - Trachea - Pharynx - Esophagus
58
Thyroid gland function?
Endocrine gland secreting - thyroid hormones - calcitonin
59
Thyroid gland vasculature?
- superior branches of external carotid a. | - inferior brances of subclavian a.
60
Thyroid gland innervation?
cervical sympathetic ganglia
61
Parathyroid location and function?
- 4 on the backside of the thyroid gland | - endocrine gland secreting PTH (increase blood calcium)
62
Parathyroid vasculature and innervation?
- inferior thyroid artery off of the thyrocervical trunk | - cervical sympathetic ganglia
63
Larynx location and function?
- connects pharynx to trachea | - sound production, prevents closure of airway during swallowing
64
The laryngeal skeleton consists of how many cartilage pieces?
9 cartilage pieces
65
The thyroid consists of 2 lamina open posteriorly, and fused anteriorly to form what?
Laryngeal prominence (adam's apple)
66
The thyroid is connected to the hyoid bone by what?
thyrohyoid membrane
67
The thyroid is connected to the cricoid cartilage by what?
cricothyroid ligament, muscles, and joint capsule
68
The cricoid cartilage is connected to the trachea by what?
cricotracheal ligament
69
The arytenoid cartilage is attached to superior, posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage by what?
cricoarytenoid joint
70
The arytenoid is also attached to the ______ which forms the vocal fold
vocal ligament
71
What muscles open (abduct) and close (adduct) the vocal fold
crico-arytenoid muscles
72
Vocal ligaments = vocal cords extend from midline of thyroid cartilage anterior to aretynoids cartilage posteriorly; connect to the cricoid by the ________ to form _________
conus elasticus | vocal folds
73
Epiglottis function?
Seal off windpipe while eating
74
What does the glottis consist of?
vocal folds and their openings, ie the rima glottis
75
The intrinsic laryngeal muscles are all innervated by what?
CN10 (Vagus)
76
The arytenoid muscles ab/adduct at the cricoarytenoid joint to ___________
open/close the vocal folds
77
Arteries of the larynx? | Veins?
- superior branches from the external carotid a. - inferior branches from the subclavian a. -veins travel with and are names for artery
78
The larynx is innervated by what?
CN10 (Vagus) which supplies sensory and motor to the larynx
79
What is the function of the trachea?
-Conduction portion of airway that warms, moistens, and cleans air
80
What is the location and function of the pharynx?
- Located from base of cranium to base of cricoid cartilage | - functions as the common passageway for air and food, swallowing
81
What are the subdivisions of the pharynx?
Nasopharynx- from nasal cavity to soft palate Oropharynx- from soft palate to base of tongue Laryngeopharynx- from superior epiglottis to esophagus
82
What is unique about the pharynx muscles?
They are what pushes food down
83
What are the muscles of the pharynx called? What is their action? What is their innervation?
1. ) external circular layer - superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors - Action- constrict/squeeze walls of pharynx - Innervation- CN10 2. ) internal longitudinal layer - palatopharyngeus - Go from palate to pharynx - Innervation- CN10 - Action- elevate/shorten/widen pharynx - salpingopharyngeus - eustachian tube to pharynx - Innervation- CN10 - Action- elevate/shorten/widen pharynx - stylopharyngeus - styloid process to pharynx - Innervation-CN9 (glossopharyngeal)
84
Arteries and veins of pharynx
Artery- branches of external carotid | Pharyngeal venous plexus
85
Innervation of the pharynx?
All muscles of pharynx are CN10 except for stylopharyngeus which is CN9
86
Esophagus function? Blood vessels? Nerves?
- Passageway for food - inferior thyroid artery and veins - recurrent laryngeal = vagus, and sympathetic trunk
87
TRIANGLES OF THE NECK
TRIANGLES OF THE NECK
88
The neck is divided into a ________ and _______ triangle.
Posterior and Anterior
89
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
- Anterior= SCM - Posterior= Trapezius - Inferior= Clavicle
90
What are the contents of the posterior triangle? Arteries? Veins? Nerves?
Arteries - suprascapular artery in - subclavien artery in base of triangle Veins - external jugular vein - subclavian vein - brachiocephalic vein Nerves - CN11 - cutaneous nerves of cervical plexus - greater auricular n. - lesser occipital n. - transverse cervical n. - supraclavicular n. - brachial plexus at base
91
What are the borders of the anterior triangle?
- anterior= median line of neck - posterior= SCM - superior= mandible
92
What are the subtriangles of the anterior triangle?
- Submental - Submandibular - Carotid - Muscular
93
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
- inferior= body of hyoid - right lateral= right anterior belly of digastric - left lateral= left anterior belly of digastric
94
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
-lymphnodes and small veins
95
What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?
- superior= inferior border of mandible - anterior= anterior belly digastric - posterior= posterior belly digastric
96
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?
- submandibular salivary glands - CN12 (out of hypoglossal foramen), CN5 (trigeminal) - branches of external carotid to face - facial a. and v. - submental a.
97
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?
- superior= posterior belly digastric - inferior medial= superior belly omohyoid - inferior lateral= SCM
98
What are the contents of the carotid triangle?
- area to palpate pulse in common carotid artery - thyroid - blood vessels: - common carotid branching into int and ext - carotid body - branches of external carotid= ascending pharyngeal a., occipital a., facial a., superior thyroid a. - internal jugular v. and branches - nerves: - CN11 (accessory) - CN12 (hypoglossal) - ansa cervicalis (C1,2,3) - CN10 (vagus) with superior laryngeal branch - sympathetic plexus
99
What are the borders of the muscular triangle?
- medial= medial plane neck - superior lateral= superior belly omohyoid - inferior lateral= SCM
100
What are the contents of the muscular triangle?
- thyroid gland - parathyroid glands - larynx and trachea - veins - anterior jugular - communicating vein - nerve - recurrent laryngeal

Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions