Heart & Lungs Flashcards
Where is the mediastinum located and what structures does it contain?
Located between the pleural cavities laterally.
Contains the heart and the pericardium.
What parts of the heart are outside of the pericardium?
- Thymus
- Veins (R and L brachiocephalic, superior vena cava, azygos veins)
- Arteries
- Nerves
- Trachea
- Esophagus
- Thoracic Duct
Where is the thymus located and what is it’s purpose?
Located above the heart (thoracic inlet)
Develops T-cells for immune function
What do the right and left brachiocephalic veins come from and where do they go?
Stem from the superior vena cava
Go on to form the R and L subclavian VEINS
The azygos veins drain blood from the ______ and ______ into the ________.
Thorax and Abdomen
Into the Superior Vena Cava
Arteries include the following:
- Aortic arch/ descending aorta/ branches to thoracic structures
- Pulmonary artery (carrying deoxygenated blood to lungs)
- Brachiocephalic Trunk
- Left Carotid
- Left Subclavian
What branches come off of the aortic arch?
- Brachiocephalic
- Left common carotid
- Left subclavian
The brachiocephalic branches off into what?
- Right common carotid
- Right subclavian
What are the nerves outside the pericardium?
- Vagus and recurrent laryngeal branches- esophageal plexus
- Phrenic
- Cardiac plexus
- Sympathetic chain ganglia
Recurrent laryngeal nerves (R & L) is a branch of the ______ nerve and has what function?
- Vagus Nerve
- Supplies intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle
What nerves make up the esophageal plexus?
- Branches of vagus nerve
- Branches of sympathetic chain ganglia
What does the phrenic nerve innervate and what ventral rami does it come from?
-Innervates the diaphragm (breathing)
Comes off of rami C3-C5
The cardiac plexus recieves innervation from both ______ and _______.
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic (Vagus)
What is the length of the sympathetic chain ganglia?
Upper neck down to coccyx
The point where the trachea splits is called what?
Carina
T or F. The esophagus runs behind the trachea.
True, the esophagus runs behind the trachea and heart. Runs in front of the spine.
Thoracic duct function?
Transfer lymph back into circulatory system
What is the function of the pericardium?
Keep the heart from over inflating and providing protection.
What are the levels of the pericardium in order?
- Fibrous pericardium
- Serous pericardium divided into 2 layers seperated by a space
- Parietal Pericardium Layer- forms inner lining of pericardium
- Pericardial Space
- Visceral Pericardium Layer- outer cover of heart
The epicardium is the same as the what?
Visceral pericardium
Every chamber of the heart and the flow of blood through them? Also list the valves that seperates them.
- Right Atria- Recieves deoxygenated blood from the sup/inf vena cava and the coronary sinus
- Right AV Valve (tricuspid)-prevents back flow during ventricular systole (when pressure in Vent is higher than pressure in Atria)
- Right Ventricle- Pumps blood into pulmonary circuit via the pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary Semilunar Valve- Prevents backflow during ventricle diastole (when pressure in trunk is higher than ventricle)
- Left Atria- Recieves oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins.
- Left AV Valve (bicuspid)- Prevents backflow into atria during ventricular systole
- Left Ventricle- Distributes blood throughout body to capillary beds
- Aortic Semilunar Valve- Prevents backflow during ventricular diastole
Superior vena cava recieves blood from the _______ while the inferior vena cava recieves blood from the ________.
Head, arms, thorax
Abdomen, pelvis, legs
What does the base of the heart lay on?
Diaphragm
What holds the AV valves closed?
Chordae tendinae
