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Anatomy Exam 2 > Deep Back Muscles and Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Deep Back Muscles and Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superficial/ extrensic back muscles and what are they innervated by?

A

Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Rhomboids, Levator Scapulae

Innervated by ventral rami

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2
Q

What are the intermediate extrensic back muscles?
They play a role in what?
They are innervated by what?

A
  • Serratus posterior superior/ inferior
  • They play a role in proprioception
  • Innervated by intercostal nerves (ventral rami)
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3
Q

The intrinsic back muscles are innervated by what?

They also act to _______________ and have what actions?

A
  • Innervated by dorsal rami

- maintain posture and extend, ab/adduct, and rotate the vertebral column

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4
Q

The intrinsic back muscles unilaterally do what and bilaterally do what?

A
  • Ab/adduct, rotate

- Extend

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5
Q

The intrinsic back muscles cumulatively attach from the ______ to the ______.

A

Pelvis to the skull

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6
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial intrinsic back muscles and what are their attachments?

A

Splenius Capitis:
-Attachment: Nuchal ligament→ mastoid process of temporal bone

Splenius Cervicis:
-Attachment: Upper thoracic→ transverse process of C1 and C2

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7
Q

What are the actions of splenius capitis and cervicis and what are they innervated by?

A

Extend, rotate, and abducts neck

Innervated by dorsal rami

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8
Q

What are the muscles of the intermediate intrinsic back muscles?

A
  • Iliocostalis (lumborum, thoracic, cervicis)
  • Longissimus (thoracic, cervicis, capitis)
  • Spinalis (thoracic, cervicis, capitis)
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9
Q

Attachent, Action, and Innervation of Iliocostalis?

A
  • Attachment- Pelvis, lumbar spinous process→ribs and lower cervical transverse (post tubercles)
  • Actions- extend lumbar and inferior cervical, ab/adduct, and rotate
  • Innervation- dorsal rami
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10
Q

Attachment, Action, and Innervation of Longissimus?

A
  • Attachment- Spinous processes of lumbar, transverse processes of thoracic→ costotransverse joint, cervical transverse process, mastoid process
  • Action- extend head/cervical, ab/adduct, and rotate
  • Innervation- dorsal rami
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11
Q

Attachment, Action, and Innervation of Spinalis?

A

-Attachment- vertebral column spinous process→ spinous process or cranium
(S or 8 shaped muscle)
-Action- extend head/cervical, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic,cervical,head
-Innervation- dorsal rami

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12
Q

What are the deep intrinsic back muscles?

A
  • Semispinalis (thoracic, cervicis, capitis)
  • Multifidus (lumborum, thoracic, cervicis)
  • Rotatores (mostly thoracic)
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13
Q

Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Semispinalis?

A
  • Attachment- lower cervical an thoracic transverse processes→ thoracic, cervical spinous processes and occipital/nuchal lines
  • Action- extend cervical/head, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic/cervical/head
  • Innervation- dorsal rami
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14
Q

Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Multifidus?

A
  • Attachment- pelvis, lumbar, thoracic, lower cervical transverse processes→ spinous processes 2-4 segments above
  • Action- extend lumbar/cervical, ab/adduct and rotate lumbar/thoracic/cervical
  • Innervation- dorsal rami
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15
Q

What is different about the multifidus?

A

It is the most massive in lumborum lordotic curve.

It also is a series of parallel straps with different proximal and distal attachments that run from sacrum to cervical vertebrae

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16
Q

Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Rotatores muscle?

A
  • Attachment- transverse process thoracic vertebrae→ spinous process or lamina 1 or 2 segments above
  • Action- extend, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic
  • Innervation- dorsal rami
17
Q

What are the minor deep layer muscles of the back and their attachments?

A

Interspinales: (cervicis, thoracic,lumborum)
-Attachment- spinous p. to spinous p.

Intertransversari: (cervicis, lumborum)
-Attachment- transverse p. to transverse p.

Levatores costarum: (thoracic)
-Attachment- thoracic transverse p. → adjacent rib

18
Q

What is important about the levatores costarum muscles?

A

Functions in respiration to assist in lifting the rib cage for inspiration

19
Q

What is the purpose of the suboccipital muscles?

A

Postural muscles that work directly or indirectly on the head.

20
Q

What are the suboccipital muscles innervated by?

A

Suboccipital nerve dorsal rami C1

21
Q

What are the suboccipital muscles and their attachments?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major:
-Attachment- C2 spinous p.→ occipital bone/lateral nuchal line
Rectus capitis posterior minor:
-Attachment- C1 posterior tubercle→ occipital bone/ medial nuchal line
Obliquus capitis inferior:
-Attachment- C2 spinous process→ C1 transverse process
Obliquus capitis superior:
-Attachment- C1 transverse process→ occipital bone/ lateral nuchal line

22
Q

What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?

A
  • Rectus Capitis posterior major (superior/medial)
  • Obliquus capitis inferior (inferolateral)
  • Obliquus capitis superior (superolateral)
23
Q

What is the floor and the roof of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Floor-posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Roof-semispinalis capitis

24
Q

What are the contents of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral artery/vein and suboccipital nerve

25
Q

What are the cutaneous nerves that go under the suboccipital triangle?

A

Greater occipital, lesser occipital, and the great auricular

26
Q

Spinal cord protective layers order.

A
  1. ) Soft tissue around vertebral column (skin, muscles/tendons, ligaments)
  2. )Vertebral canal (aligned vertebral foramen of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebra
  3. )Meninges and spaces between meninges
27
Q

What is the order of all the mininges and spaces between meninges?

A
  • Epidural space- lipid filled space between wall of vertebral canal and dura mater
  • Dural mater- connectice tissue membrane covering of spinal cord from foramen magnus to sacral hiatus
  • Subdural space- dura-arachnoid interface: potential space filled with interstitial fluid
  • Arachnoid mater- connective tissue membrane (thinner than dura mater) covering the spinal cord, roots, and dorsal root ganglion
  • Subarachnoid space- between arachnoid and pia mater; filled with CSF; also contains connective tissue trabeculae connecting arachnoid and pia maters
  • Pia Mater- thin translucent covering adhering to spinal cord

2 parts of pia mater:

  • denticulate ligaments- lateral sheets of pia running from sacrum to foramen magnus attaching laterally to arachnoid to hold spinal cord in place
  • filum terminale- inferior continuation of pia connectiong the conus medullaris to the coccyx
28
Q

The spinal cord runs from the _______ and ends in the ________. It occupies ___ of the vertebral column.

A

Foramen magnum, conus medullaris

2/3

29
Q

Where is the cord enlarged and why?

A

Enlarges in the cervical and lumbosacral region becuase this is where it carries more neurons to form the brachial and lumbosacral plexi.

30
Q

On both the right and left side of the spinal cord, a ______ and ________ exit the spinal cord and fuse to form the proximal ____________.

A

dorsal root, ventral root

spinal nerve

31
Q

Spinal nerves exit the vertebral column through what?

A

Intervertebral foramen

32
Q

Spinal nerves divide distally into what?

A

Ventral and dorsal rami

33
Q

How many spinal cord segments are there?

A

31 pairs (62 total spinal nerves)

  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coccygeal
34
Q

What is the cuada equina?

A

Structure in lumbosacral vertebral canal consisting of roots from lumbosacral spinal cord segments

35
Q

What is the filum terminal?

A

continuation of pia mater attaching conus medullaris to coccyx

36
Q

What are the main arteries supplying the cord?

A

a. )vertebral, subclavian arteries- supply the cervical spinal cord
b. ) intercostals arteries- supply thoracic spinal cord
c. ) lumbar arteries- supply lumbar spinal cord
d. ) lateral sacral arteries- supply the sacral spinal cord

37
Q

What are the segmental branches from the main arteries?

A

a. )anterior spinal artery

b. )2 posterior spinal arteries

38
Q

What are the veins?

A

They follow the distribution and nomenclature of arteries

Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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