Pelvic Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the hip bones?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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2
Q

The pelvic girdle is a bony _____ formed from what?

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

A

Bony ring formed from 2 hip bones and the sacrum

Weight bearing linkage between legs and axial skeleton, muscle attachment points, protects organs in pelvic cavity

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3
Q

The ilium is composed of what parts?

A
  1. ) ala and body
  2. ) iliac crest
  3. ) iliac fossa
  4. ) anterior superior and inferior iliac spines
  5. ) posterior superior and inferior iliac spines
  6. )auricular surface: for synovial articulation w/ sacrum
  7. ) tuberosities: for syndesmosis articulation with sacrum
  8. ) arcuate line
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4
Q

The ischium is composed of what parts?

A
  1. ) body
  2. ) ramus of ischium
  3. ) ischial tuberosity
  4. ) ischial spine
  5. ) lesser sciatic notch
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5
Q

The pubis is composed of what parts?

A
  1. ) superior ramus
  2. ) inferior ramus
  3. ) body
  4. ) pubic crest
  5. ) pubic tubercle
  6. ) pectin pubus (pectineal line)
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6
Q

The ilium forms what joint?

A

Sacroiliac joint

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7
Q

What muscle comes off the anterior superior iliac spine?

What muscle comes off the anterior inferior iliac spine?

A

Sartorious

Rectus femoris

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8
Q

All three joints come together to form the ________.

A

Acetabulum

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9
Q

What is the obturator foramen formed by?

A

Ischium and Pubis

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10
Q

What comes together to form the greater sciatic notch?

A

Ischium and Ilium

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11
Q

What is the pelvic inlet formed by?

A
  • Sacral promontory
  • Arcuate line of Ilium
  • Pectineal line of Pubis
  • Crest of Pubis
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12
Q

What is the pubic arch formed by?

A

Ischiopubic ramus of both hip bones

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13
Q

What forms the pelvic outlet?

A
  • R to L boundaries are the Ischial tuberosities

- Anterior to Posterior boundaries are the inferior pubic symphysis and the coccyx

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14
Q

Difference between male an female pelvic and why?

A

Female is shorter and wider to accommodate for child birth.

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15
Q

What are the three divisions of the pelvis?

A
  • Greater (false) pelvis
  • Lesser (true) pelvis
  • Perineum
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16
Q

Greater (false) pelvis contains what?

A

Inferior Abdominal Organs:

  • ileum
  • sigmoid colon
17
Q

Lesser (true) pelvis contains what?

A

Pelvic Organs:

  • urinary bladder/distal ureters
  • rectum
  • genital organs
18
Q

Perineum consists of what?

A

Soft tissue below the pelvic diaphragm between base of thighs

19
Q

What are the two pelvic joints?

A

Sacroiliac

Pubic symphysis

20
Q

The sacroiliac joint is what type of joint?

A
  • Syndesmosis at iliac tubercles (formed by interosseous sacroiliac ligaments)
  • Synovial modified planar at iliac auricular surfaces
21
Q

Ligaments of the sacroiliac joint?

A
  • Anterior sacroiliac ligaments- capsule thickening
  • Posterior sacroiliac ligaments- continuation of interosseous sacroiliac ligaments (limits depression of sacrum/ elevation of hips)
  • Sacrotuberous ligament- limits upward rotation of inferior sacrum
  • Sacrospinous ligament
  • Iliolumbar ligament

Greater sciatic foramen:

  • Greater sciatic notch
  • Sacrotuberous ligament (posterior)
  • Sacrospinous ligament (inferior)

Lesser sciatic foramen:

  • Lesser sciatic notch (anterior, inferior)
  • Sacrotuberous ligament (posterior)
  • Sacrospinous ligament (superior)
22
Q

What runs through the greater sciatic foramen?

A
  • Sciatic nerve
  • Superior gluteal n.a.v.
  • Inferior gluteal n.a.v.
  • Piriformis muscle (takes up most space)
23
Q

What are the movements of the sacroiliac joint?

A
  • Limited gliding and rotation act as shock absorber

- Wedge shape of sacrum and fiber orientation of ligaments pull the hips in (medial) when sacrum is driven down

24
Q
Pubic symphysis:
Articulation?
Joint Type?
Ligaments?
Movements?
A
  • Articulation- between pubic bones of right and left hip
  • Joint Type- cartilaginous disk= symphysis
  • Ligaments-
    a. ) superior pubic ligament
    b. ) inferior pubic ligament- forms apex of pubic arch
  • Movements- syn- or amphiarthrosis
25
Q

Anterior wall of the pelvis?
Lateral walls of the pelvis?
Posterior wall of the pelvis?

A
  • Anterior- pubic bones and pubic symphysis
  • Lateral- obturator foramen, obturator membrane, obturator internus muscle, tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle
  • Posterior- sacrum, ilium, posterior sacroiliac joint ligaments, piriformis muscle
26
Q

What is the floor of the pelvis?

A

Pelvic Diaphragm
-thicker and stronger than respiratory diaphragm to regulate abdominal pressure; supports the abdominopelvic organs; functions in micturation, defication, and respiration

27
Q

What is the floor of the pelvic diaphragm composed of?

A
  • Coccygeus muscle
  • Levator Ani (3 muscles)
  • Urogenital hiatus
  • Structures passing through
28
Q
Coccygeus muscle:
Proximal?
Distal?
Action?
Innervation?
A
  • Proximal- sacrum/coccyx
  • Distal- ischial spine
  • Action- supports pelvic organs; forms external anal sphincter
  • Innervation- ventral rami
29
Q

Levator ani has what 3 parts?

A
  • puborectalis
  • pubococcygeus
  • iliococcygeus
30
Q
Puborectalis muscle:
Proximal?
Distal?
Action?
Innervation?
A
  • Proximal- anococcygeal body (ligament)
  • Distal- pubis
  • Action- supports pelvic orgnas; forms external anal sphincter
  • Innervation- ventral rami
31
Q
Pubococcygeus muscle:
Proximal?
Distal?
Action?
Innervation?
A
  • Proximal-coccyx
  • Distal-pubis
  • Action-supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure
  • Innervation-ventral rami
32
Q
Iliococcygeus:
Proximal?
Distal?
Action?
Innervation?
A
  • Proximal- coccyx
  • Distal- tendinous arch between ischial spine and pubic body
  • Action- supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure
  • Innervation- ventral rami
33
Q

What is the urogenital hiatus?

A

“V” shaped opening in pelvic diaphragm between puborectalis muscle; from pubic symphysis to perineal body of the rectum; contains peroneal structures

a. ) deep transverse perineal muscle
b. ) external urethral sphincter/ compressor urethra
c. ) perineal body: CT running down center of perineum

34
Q

What structures pass through the pelvic diaphragm?

A
  • urethra (urogenital hiatus/ perineal membrane)
  • rectum
  • vagina (urogenital hiatus/ perineal membrane)
  • nerves of lumbosacral plexus
  • branches of the internal iliac artery and vein
35
Q

Arteries of the pelvis?

A
  • Paired internal iliac: branches of common iliac
  • Superior rectal: from inferior mesentric a.
  • Median sacral; from abdominal aorta
  • Paired ovarion: female only, testicular a. do not enter pelvis
36
Q

Veins of the pelvis?

A

organs→ venous plexi→ internal iliac v.’s→ common iliac v.’s→ inferior vena cava

  • in area of superior rectum there is anastomosis with the inferior mesenteric v.’s/ hepatic portal system
37
Q

What is the innervation of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Lumbosacral Plexus

L1-S4