Pelvic Anatomy Flashcards by Chance Lee Cauble

What are the 3 main parts of the hip bones?

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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The pelvic girdle is a bony _____ formed from what?

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

Bony ring formed from 2 hip bones and the sacrum

Weight bearing linkage between legs and axial skeleton, muscle attachment points, protects organs in pelvic cavity

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The ilium is composed of what parts?

) ala and body
) iliac crest
) iliac fossa
) anterior superior and inferior iliac spines
) posterior superior and inferior iliac spines
)auricular surface: for synovial articulation w/ sacrum
) tuberosities: for syndesmosis articulation with sacrum
) arcuate line

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The ischium is composed of what parts?

) body
) ramus of ischium
) ischial tuberosity
) ischial spine
) lesser sciatic notch

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The pubis is composed of what parts?

) superior ramus
) inferior ramus
) body
) pubic crest
) pubic tubercle
) pectin pubus (pectineal line)

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The ilium forms what joint?

Sacroiliac joint

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What muscle comes off the anterior superior iliac spine?

What muscle comes off the anterior inferior iliac spine?

Sartorious

Rectus femoris

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All three joints come together to form the ________.

Acetabulum

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What is the obturator foramen formed by?

Ischium and Pubis

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What comes together to form the greater sciatic notch?

Ischium and Ilium

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What is the pelvic inlet formed by?

Sacral promontory
Arcuate line of Ilium
Pectineal line of Pubis
Crest of Pubis

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What is the pubic arch formed by?

Ischiopubic ramus of both hip bones

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What forms the pelvic outlet?

R to L boundaries are the Ischial tuberosities

- Anterior to Posterior boundaries are the inferior pubic symphysis and the coccyx

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Difference between male an female pelvic and why?

Female is shorter and wider to accommodate for child birth.

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What are the three divisions of the pelvis?

Greater (false) pelvis
Lesser (true) pelvis
Perineum

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Greater (false) pelvis contains what?

Inferior Abdominal Organs:

ileum
sigmoid colon

Lesser (true) pelvis contains what?

Pelvic Organs:

urinary bladder/distal ureters
rectum
genital organs

Perineum consists of what?

Soft tissue below the pelvic diaphragm between base of thighs

What are the two pelvic joints?

Sacroiliac

Pubic symphysis

The sacroiliac joint is what type of joint?

Syndesmosis at iliac tubercles (formed by interosseous sacroiliac ligaments)
Synovial modified planar at iliac auricular surfaces

Ligaments of the sacroiliac joint?

Anterior sacroiliac ligaments- capsule thickening
Posterior sacroiliac ligaments- continuation of interosseous sacroiliac ligaments (limits depression of sacrum/ elevation of hips)
Sacrotuberous ligament- limits upward rotation of inferior sacrum
Sacrospinous ligament
Iliolumbar ligament

Greater sciatic foramen:

Greater sciatic notch
Sacrotuberous ligament (posterior)
Sacrospinous ligament (inferior)

Lesser sciatic foramen:

Lesser sciatic notch (anterior, inferior)
Sacrotuberous ligament (posterior)
Sacrospinous ligament (superior)

What runs through the greater sciatic foramen?

Sciatic nerve
Superior gluteal n.a.v.
Inferior gluteal n.a.v.
Piriformis muscle (takes up most space)

What are the movements of the sacroiliac joint?

Limited gliding and rotation act as shock absorber

- Wedge shape of sacrum and fiber orientation of ligaments pull the hips in (medial) when sacrum is driven down

Pubic symphysis:
Articulation?
Joint Type?
Ligaments?
Movements?

Articulation- between pubic bones of right and left hip
Joint Type- cartilaginous disk= symphysis
Ligaments-
a. ) superior pubic ligament
b. ) inferior pubic ligament- forms apex of pubic arch
Movements- syn- or amphiarthrosis

Anterior wall of the pelvis? Lateral walls of the pelvis? Posterior wall of the pelvis?

- Anterior- pubic bones and pubic symphysis - Lateral- obturator foramen, obturator membrane, obturator internus muscle, tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle - Posterior- sacrum, ilium, posterior sacroiliac joint ligaments, piriformis muscle

What is the floor of the pelvis?

Pelvic Diaphragm -thicker and stronger than respiratory diaphragm to regulate abdominal pressure; supports the abdominopelvic organs; functions in micturation, defication, and respiration

What is the floor of the pelvic diaphragm composed of?

- Coccygeus muscle - Levator Ani (3 muscles) - Urogenital hiatus - Structures passing through

``` Coccygeus muscle: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation? ```

- Proximal- sacrum/coccyx - Distal- ischial spine - Action- supports pelvic organs; forms external anal sphincter - Innervation- ventral rami

Levator ani has what 3 parts?

- puborectalis - pubococcygeus - iliococcygeus

``` Puborectalis muscle: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation? ```

- Proximal- anococcygeal body (ligament) - Distal- pubis - Action- supports pelvic orgnas; forms external anal sphincter - Innervation- ventral rami

``` Pubococcygeus muscle: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation? ```

- Proximal-coccyx - Distal-pubis - Action-supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure - Innervation-ventral rami

``` Iliococcygeus: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation? ```

- Proximal- coccyx - Distal- tendinous arch between ischial spine and pubic body - Action- supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure - Innervation- ventral rami

What is the urogenital hiatus?

"V" shaped opening in pelvic diaphragm between puborectalis muscle; from pubic symphysis to perineal body of the rectum; contains peroneal structures a. ) deep transverse perineal muscle b. ) external urethral sphincter/ compressor urethra c. ) perineal body: CT running down center of perineum

What structures pass through the pelvic diaphragm?

- urethra (urogenital hiatus/ perineal membrane) - rectum - vagina (urogenital hiatus/ perineal membrane) - nerves of lumbosacral plexus - branches of the internal iliac artery and vein

Arteries of the pelvis?

- Paired internal iliac: branches of common iliac - Superior rectal: from inferior mesentric a. - Median sacral; from abdominal aorta - Paired ovarion: female only, testicular a. do not enter pelvis

Veins of the pelvis?

organs→ venous plexi→ internal iliac v.'s→ common iliac v.'s→ inferior vena cava - in area of superior rectum there is anastomosis with the inferior mesenteric v.'s/ hepatic portal system

What is the innervation of the pelvic diaphragm?

Lumbosacral Plexus | L1-S4