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Anatomy Exam 2 > All Muscles > Flashcards

All Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 MUSCLES OF MASTICATION?

A
  • Temporalis
  • Masseter
  • Lateral pterygoid
  • Medial pterygoid
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2
Q 
Temporalis
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- temporal fossa
Insertion- coronoid process of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close

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3
Q 
Masseter
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- zygomatic arch
Insertion- mandible angle
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close

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4
Q 
Lateral pterygoid
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin-lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
Insertion- head of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- protraction of jaw, depress to open

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5
Q 
Medial pterygoid
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid, pyramidal process of palatine bone
Insertion-medial surface of angle of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close

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6
Q

WHAT ARE THE 9 MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH, LIPS, AND CHEEKS?

A
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Buccinator
  • Depressor anguli oris
  • Levator anguli oris
  • Depressor labii inferioris
  • Levator labii superioris
  • Zygomaticus major
  • Zygomaticus minor
  • Platysma
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7
Q

The orbicularis oris functions to do what?

A

close the mouth

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8
Q

The buccinator goes from _____/______ to ______.

It synergizes with the tongue in _______ formation.

A
  • maxilla/mandible to angle of mouth

- bolus

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9
Q

Depressor anguli oris goes from ______ to ______.

This will produce a ______.

A
  • mandible to angle of mouth

- frown

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10
Q

Levator anguli oris goes from ______ to _______.

This will produce a ____/______.

A
  • maxilla to angle of mouth

- grin/grimace

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11
Q

The depressor labii inferioris goes from ____ to ____.

This will produce a ____.

A
  • mandible to lower lip

- pout, pull lower lip out

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12
Q

The levator labii superioris goes from ______ to _____.

This functions to ________.

A
  • maxilla to upper lip

- pull upper lip out

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13
Q

The zygomaticus major goes from _____ to ______.

This functions to _____.

A
  • lateral zygomatic to angle of mouth

- smile

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14
Q

The zygomaticus minor goes from _____ to _______.

This functions to _______.

A
  • medial zygomatic to upper lip

- dilator

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15
Q

The platysma goes from _______ to ________.

This functions to __________ and __________.

A
  • pectoralis major fascia to mandible

- tighten skin and depress jaw

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16
Q

What muscle does the platysma synergize with to depress the jaw?

A

lateral pterygoid

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17
Q

What are the muscles of orbital and nasal openings?

A

Orbicularis oculi → close eyelids
-Palpebral = soft close
-Orbital = hard close
Nasalis → flare nostrils

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18
Q

END SKULL

A

END SKULL

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19
Q

What are superficial muscles of the neck?

A
  • Platysma
  • Trapezius
  • Sternocleidomastoid
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20
Q 
Platysma
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- Inferior border of mandible
Inferior- Pectoralis fascia
Innervation- Cervical branch
Action- tightens skin and acts with the lateral pterygoid muscle to depress the jaw

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21
Q 
Sternocleidomastoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- Mastoid process
Inferior- Manubrium and clavicle
Innervation- Accessory nerve
Action- Flexes, Extends, Ab/adduct, rotation

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22
Q 
Trapezius
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- external occipital protuberance to bottom of thoracic vertebrae
Inferior- lateral clavicle and spine of scapula
Innervation- accessory nerve (CN11)
Action- elevate, depress, retract, rotate to depress

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23
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A
  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric
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24
Q 
Mylohyoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- mandible and rapha
Inferior- body of hyoid bone
Innervation- CN5
Action- elevation of larynx

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25
Q 
Geniohyoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- mandible, chin
Inferior- hyoid
Innervation- C1-4 (cervical plexus)
Action- elevation of larynx

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26
Q 
Stylohyoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- temporal bone styloid process
Inferior- hyoid bone
Innervation- CN7 (facial nerve)
Action- elevation of larynx

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27
Q 
Digastric
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- mandible to hyoid sling
Inferior- hyoid sling to mastoid
Innervation- CN5 (anterior belly), CN7 (posterior belly)
Action- elevation of larynx

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28
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Omohyoid
  • Thyrohyoid
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29
Q 
Sternohyoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- sternum
Inferior- hyoid bone
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- depress the larynx

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30
Q 
Sternothyroid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- thyroid cartilage
Inferior- sternum
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- depress the larynx

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31
Q 
Omohyoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- hyoid to clavicular sling
Inferior-clavicular sling to scapula
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- depress the larynx

-connected at sling by intermediate tendon

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32
Q 
Thyrohyoid
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- hyoid bone
Inferior- thyroid cartilage
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- depression of larynx

33
Q

What are the deep muscles of the neck?

A
  • Longus colli (superior and inferior)
  • Longus capitis
  • Rectus capitis anterior
  • Rectus capitis lateralis
  • Scalenes (ant, middle, post)
34
Q 
Longus colli
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- body of upper to transverse process of middle to body of lower cervical vertebrae
Inferior-“
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation

35
Q 
Longus capitis
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- occipital
Inferior- transverse processes of middle vertebrae
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation

36
Q 
Rectus capitis anterior
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- Occipital
Inferior-anterior C1
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation

37
Q 
Rectus capitis lateralis
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- occipital
Inferior- transverse process of C1
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- proprioception

38
Q 
Scalenes (ant, middle, post)
Superior Attachment?
Inferior Attachment?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Superior- All attach at transverse processes of middle cervical vertebrae
Inferior- Anterior and Middle (Rib 1), Posterior (Rib 2)
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation, lift rib cage for inspiration

39
Q

END NECK

A

END NECK

40
Q

What are all the muscles of the thoracic cavity?

A
  • Serratus posterior superior
  • Serratus posterior inferior
  • Levator costarum
  • External intercostals
  • Internal intercostals
  • Innermost intercostals
  • Subcostal
  • Transversus thoracis
41
Q 
Serratus Posterior Superior
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- spinous process C7-T3
Insertion- Ribs 2-5
Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami
Action- proprioception for respiration control

42
Q 
Serratus Posterior Inferior
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- T11-L2
Insertion- Ribs 9-12
Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami
Action- proprioception for respiratory control

43
Q 
Levator costarum
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- C7-T11 transverse process
Insertion- rib below
Innervation- dorsal rami
Action- elevate rib for inspiration

44
Q 
External Intercostals
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- superior rib
Insertion- inferior rib
Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami
Action- elevate ribs for inspiration

45
Q 
Internal Intercostals
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- inferior rib
Insertion- superior rib
Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami
Action- depress ribs for expiration

46
Q 
Innermost Intercostals
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- inferior rib
Insertion- superior rib
Innervation- intercostal n.
Action- depress ribs for expiration

47
Q 
Subcostal
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- inferior rib
Insertion- superior rib 2 or 3 above
Innervation- intercostal n.
Action- depress rib for expiration

48
Q 
Transversus Thoracis
Origin?
Insertion?
Innervation?
Action?
A

Origin- sternum
Insertion- costal cartilage
Innervation- intercostal n.
Action- proprioception for respiratory control

49
Q

What are the two muscles that pass through the respiratory diaphragm?
Where do they pass?

A
  • Psoas major passes under the medial arcuate ligament

- Quadratus lumborum passes under the lateral arcuate ligament

50
Q

END THORAX

A

END THORAX

51
Q

What are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Rectus abdominis

52
Q 
External Oblique:
Origin-
Insertion-
Innervation-
Action-
A

Origin- ribs 5-12
Insertion-rectus sheath
Innervation-spinal nerves T7-12 (ventral rami)
Action-
-Bilateral- flex at trunk
-Unilateral- ab/adduct; rotate
-Respiration- pull rib cage down and compress abdomen to exhale

53
Q 
Internal Oblique:
Origin-
Insertion-
Innervation-
Action-
A

Origin- vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips
Insertion- lower ribs; rectus sheath
Innervation- T6-12 (ventral rami)
Action-
-Bilateral- flex at trunk
-Unilateral- ab/adduct; rotate
-Respiration- pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale

54
Q 
Transverse abdominis
Origin-
Insertion-
Innervation-
Action-
A 
Origin- lower ribs; vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips
Insertion- rectus sheath
Innervation T7-12 (ventral rami)
Action-
Unilateral- ab/adduct; rotate
Respiration- compress abdomen to exhale
55
Q 
Rectus abdominis
Origin-
Insertion-
Innervation-
Action-
A 
Origin- pubic symphysis
Insertion- lower ribs; xiphoid
Innervation- T6-12 (ventral rami)
Action-
Bilateral- flex at trunk
Respiration- pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale
56
Q

END ABDOMINAL WALL

A

END ABDOMINAL WALL

57
Q

What are the superficial extrinsic back muscles?

Innervation-

A
  • Trapezius
  • Latissimus Dorsi
  • Rhomboids
  • Levator Scapulae

-ventral rami

58
Q

What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?
Innervation-
Function-

A
  • Serratus Posterior Superior
  • Serratus Posterior Inferior
  • ventral rami
  • proprioception
59
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial intrinsic back muscles and what are their attachments?

A

Splenius Capitis:
-Attachment: Nuchal ligament→ mastoid process of temporal bone

Splenius Cervicis:
-Attachment: Upper thoracic→ transverse process of C1 and C2

60
Q

What are the actions of splenius capitis and cervicis and what are they innervated by?

A

Extend, rotate, and abducts neck

Innervated by dorsal rami

61
Q

What are the muscles of the intermediate intrinsic back muscles?

A
  • Iliocostalis (lumborum, thoracic, cervicis)
  • Longissimus (thoracic, cervicis, capitis)
  • Spinalis (thoracic, cervicis, capitis)
62
Q

Attachent, Action, and Innervation of Iliocostalis?

A
  • Attachment- Pelvis, lumbar spinous process→ribs and lower cervical transverse (post tubercles)
  • Actions- extend lumbar and inferior cervical, ab/adduct, and rotate
  • Innervation- dorsal rami
63
Q

Attachment, Action, and Innervation of Longissimus?

A
  • Attachment- Spinous processes of lumbar, transverse processes of thoracic→ costotransverse joint, cervical transverse process, mastoid process
  • Action- extend head/cervical, ab/adduct, and rotate
  • Innervation- dorsal rami
64
Q

Attachment, Action, and Innervation of Spinalis?

A

-Attachment- vertebral column spinous process→ spinous process or cranium
(S or 8 shaped muscle)
-Action- extend head/cervical, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic,cervical,head
-Innervation- dorsal rami

65
Q

What are the deep intrinsic back muscles?

A
  • Semispinalis (thoracic, cervicis, capitis)
  • Multifidus (lumborum, thoracic, cervicis)
  • Rotatores (mostly thoracic)
66
Q

Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Semispinalis?

A
  • Attachment- lower cervical an thoracic transverse processes→ thoracic, cervical spinous processes and occipital/nuchal lines
  • Action- extend cervical/head, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic/cervical/head
  • Innervation- dorsal rami
67
Q

Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Multifidus?

A
  • Attachment- pelvis, lumbar, thoracic, lower cervical transverse processes→ spinous processes 2-4 segments above
  • Action- extend lumbar/cervical, ab/adduct and rotate lumbar/thoracic/cervical
  • Innervation- dorsal rami
68
Q

Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Rotatores muscle?

A
  • Attachment- transverse process thoracic vertebrae→ spinous process or lamina 1 or 2 segments above
  • Action- extend, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic
  • Innervation- dorsal rami
69
Q

What are the minor deep layer muscles of the back and their attachments?

A

Interspinales: (cervicis, thoracic,lumborum)
-Attachment- spinous p. to spinous p.

Intertransversari: (cervicis, lumborum)
-Attachment- transverse p. to transverse p.

Levatores costarum: (thoracic)
-Attachment- thoracic transverse p. → adjacent rib

70
Q

What are the suboccipital muscles and their attachments?

A

Rectus capitis posterior major:
-Attachment- C2 spinous p.→ occipital bone/lateral nuchal line
Rectus capitis posterior minor:
-Attachment- C1 posterior tubercle→ occipital bone/ medial nuchal line
Obliquus capitis inferior:
-Attachment- C2 spinous process→ C1 transverse process
Obliquus capitis superior:
-Attachment- C1 transverse process→ occipital bone/ lateral nuchal line

71
Q

What are the suboccipital muscles innervated by?

A

Suboccipital nerve dorsal rami C1

72
Q

What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?

A
  • Rectus Capitis posterior major (superior/medial)
  • Obliquus capitis inferior (inferolateral)
  • Obliquus capitis superior (superolateral)
73
Q

What is the floor of the pelvic diaphragm composed of?

A
  • Coccygeus muscle
  • Levator Ani (3 muscles)
  • Urogenital hiatus
  • Structures passing through
74
Q 
Coccygeus muscle:
Proximal?
Distal?
Action?
Innervation?
A
  • Proximal- sacrum/coccyx
  • Distal- ischial spine
  • Action- supports pelvic organs; forms external anal sphincter
  • Innervation- ventral rami
75
Q

Levator ani has what 3 parts?

A
  • puborectalis
  • pubococcygeus
  • iliococcygeus
76
Q 
Puborectalis muscle:
Proximal?
Distal?
Action?
Innervation?
A
  • Proximal- anococcygeal body (ligament)
  • Distal- pubis
  • Action- supports pelvic orgnas; forms external anal sphincter
  • Innervation- ventral rami
77
Q 
Pubococcygeus muscle:
Proximal?
Distal?
Action?
Innervation?
A
  • Proximal-coccyx
  • Distal-pubis
  • Action-supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure
  • Innervation-ventral rami
78
Q 
Iliococcygeus:
Proximal?
Distal?
Action?
Innervation?
A
  • Proximal- coccyx
  • Distal- tendinous arch between ischial spine and pubic body
  • Action- supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure
  • Innervation- ventral rami

Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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