All Muscles Flashcards
WHAT ARE THE 4 MUSCLES OF MASTICATION?
- Temporalis
- Masseter
- Lateral pterygoid
- Medial pterygoid
Temporalis Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin- temporal fossa
Insertion- coronoid process of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close
Masseter Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin- zygomatic arch
Insertion- mandible angle
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close
Lateral pterygoid Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin-lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid bone
Insertion- head of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- protraction of jaw, depress to open
Medial pterygoid Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin- lateral pterygoid process of sphenoid, pyramidal process of palatine bone
Insertion-medial surface of angle of mandible
Innervation- CN5 (trigeminal) V3
Action- elevate to close
WHAT ARE THE 9 MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH, LIPS, AND CHEEKS?
- Orbicularis oris
- Buccinator
- Depressor anguli oris
- Levator anguli oris
- Depressor labii inferioris
- Levator labii superioris
- Zygomaticus major
- Zygomaticus minor
- Platysma
The orbicularis oris functions to do what?
close the mouth
The buccinator goes from _____/______ to ______.
It synergizes with the tongue in _______ formation.
- maxilla/mandible to angle of mouth
- bolus
Depressor anguli oris goes from ______ to ______.
This will produce a ______.
- mandible to angle of mouth
- frown
Levator anguli oris goes from ______ to _______.
This will produce a ____/______.
- maxilla to angle of mouth
- grin/grimace
The depressor labii inferioris goes from ____ to ____.
This will produce a ____.
- mandible to lower lip
- pout, pull lower lip out
The levator labii superioris goes from ______ to _____.
This functions to ________.
- maxilla to upper lip
- pull upper lip out
The zygomaticus major goes from _____ to ______.
This functions to _____.
- lateral zygomatic to angle of mouth
- smile
The zygomaticus minor goes from _____ to _______.
This functions to _______.
- medial zygomatic to upper lip
- dilator
The platysma goes from _______ to ________.
This functions to __________ and __________.
- pectoralis major fascia to mandible
- tighten skin and depress jaw
What muscle does the platysma synergize with to depress the jaw?
lateral pterygoid
What are the muscles of orbital and nasal openings?
Orbicularis oculi → close eyelids
-Palpebral = soft close
-Orbital = hard close
Nasalis → flare nostrils
END SKULL
END SKULL
What are superficial muscles of the neck?
- Platysma
- Trapezius
- Sternocleidomastoid
Platysma Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- Inferior border of mandible
Inferior- Pectoralis fascia
Innervation- Cervical branch
Action- tightens skin and acts with the lateral pterygoid muscle to depress the jaw
Sternocleidomastoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- Mastoid process
Inferior- Manubrium and clavicle
Innervation- Accessory nerve
Action- Flexes, Extends, Ab/adduct, rotation
Trapezius Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- external occipital protuberance to bottom of thoracic vertebrae
Inferior- lateral clavicle and spine of scapula
Innervation- accessory nerve (CN11)
Action- elevate, depress, retract, rotate to depress
What are the suprahyoid muscles?
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
- Stylohyoid
- Digastric
Mylohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- mandible and rapha
Inferior- body of hyoid bone
Innervation- CN5
Action- elevation of larynx
Geniohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- mandible, chin
Inferior- hyoid
Innervation- C1-4 (cervical plexus)
Action- elevation of larynx
Stylohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- temporal bone styloid process
Inferior- hyoid bone
Innervation- CN7 (facial nerve)
Action- elevation of larynx
Digastric Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- mandible to hyoid sling
Inferior- hyoid sling to mastoid
Innervation- CN5 (anterior belly), CN7 (posterior belly)
Action- elevation of larynx
What are the infrahyoid muscles?
- Sternohyoid
- Sternothyroid
- Omohyoid
- Thyrohyoid
Sternohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- sternum
Inferior- hyoid bone
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- depress the larynx
Sternothyroid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- thyroid cartilage
Inferior- sternum
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- depress the larynx
Omohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- hyoid to clavicular sling
Inferior-clavicular sling to scapula
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- depress the larynx
-connected at sling by intermediate tendon
Thyrohyoid Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- hyoid bone
Inferior- thyroid cartilage
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- depression of larynx
What are the deep muscles of the neck?
- Longus colli (superior and inferior)
- Longus capitis
- Rectus capitis anterior
- Rectus capitis lateralis
- Scalenes (ant, middle, post)
Longus colli Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- body of upper to transverse process of middle to body of lower cervical vertebrae
Inferior-“
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation
Longus capitis Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- occipital
Inferior- transverse processes of middle vertebrae
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation
Rectus capitis anterior Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- Occipital
Inferior-anterior C1
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation
Rectus capitis lateralis Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- occipital
Inferior- transverse process of C1
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- proprioception
Scalenes (ant, middle, post) Superior Attachment? Inferior Attachment? Innervation? Action?
Superior- All attach at transverse processes of middle cervical vertebrae
Inferior- Anterior and Middle (Rib 1), Posterior (Rib 2)
Innervation- cervical plexus
Action- flex, ab/adduction, rotation, lift rib cage for inspiration
END NECK
END NECK
What are all the muscles of the thoracic cavity?
- Serratus posterior superior
- Serratus posterior inferior
- Levator costarum
- External intercostals
- Internal intercostals
- Innermost intercostals
- Subcostal
- Transversus thoracis
Serratus Posterior Superior Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin- spinous process C7-T3
Insertion- Ribs 2-5
Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami
Action- proprioception for respiration control
Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin- T11-L2
Insertion- Ribs 9-12
Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami
Action- proprioception for respiratory control
Levator costarum Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin- C7-T11 transverse process
Insertion- rib below
Innervation- dorsal rami
Action- elevate rib for inspiration
External Intercostals Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin- superior rib
Insertion- inferior rib
Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami
Action- elevate ribs for inspiration
Internal Intercostals Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin- inferior rib
Insertion- superior rib
Innervation- intercostal n. / ventral rami
Action- depress ribs for expiration
Innermost Intercostals Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin- inferior rib
Insertion- superior rib
Innervation- intercostal n.
Action- depress ribs for expiration
Subcostal Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin- inferior rib
Insertion- superior rib 2 or 3 above
Innervation- intercostal n.
Action- depress rib for expiration
Transversus Thoracis Origin? Insertion? Innervation? Action?
Origin- sternum
Insertion- costal cartilage
Innervation- intercostal n.
Action- proprioception for respiratory control
What are the two muscles that pass through the respiratory diaphragm?
Where do they pass?
- Psoas major passes under the medial arcuate ligament
- Quadratus lumborum passes under the lateral arcuate ligament
END THORAX
END THORAX
What are the muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall?
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transverse abdominis
Rectus abdominis
External Oblique: Origin- Insertion- Innervation- Action-
Origin- ribs 5-12
Insertion-rectus sheath
Innervation-spinal nerves T7-12 (ventral rami)
Action-
-Bilateral- flex at trunk
-Unilateral- ab/adduct; rotate
-Respiration- pull rib cage down and compress abdomen to exhale
Internal Oblique: Origin- Insertion- Innervation- Action-
Origin- vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips
Insertion- lower ribs; rectus sheath
Innervation- T6-12 (ventral rami)
Action-
-Bilateral- flex at trunk
-Unilateral- ab/adduct; rotate
-Respiration- pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale
Transverse abdominis Origin- Insertion- Innervation- Action-
Origin- lower ribs; vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips Insertion- rectus sheath Innervation T7-12 (ventral rami) Action- Unilateral- ab/adduct; rotate Respiration- compress abdomen to exhale
Rectus abdominis Origin- Insertion- Innervation- Action-
Origin- pubic symphysis Insertion- lower ribs; xiphoid Innervation- T6-12 (ventral rami) Action- Bilateral- flex at trunk Respiration- pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale
END ABDOMINAL WALL
END ABDOMINAL WALL
What are the superficial extrinsic back muscles?
Innervation-
- Trapezius
- Latissimus Dorsi
- Rhomboids
- Levator Scapulae
-ventral rami
What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?
Innervation-
Function-
- Serratus Posterior Superior
- Serratus Posterior Inferior
- ventral rami
- proprioception
What are the muscles of the superficial intrinsic back muscles and what are their attachments?
Splenius Capitis:
-Attachment: Nuchal ligament→ mastoid process of temporal bone
Splenius Cervicis:
-Attachment: Upper thoracic→ transverse process of C1 and C2
What are the actions of splenius capitis and cervicis and what are they innervated by?
Extend, rotate, and abducts neck
Innervated by dorsal rami
What are the muscles of the intermediate intrinsic back muscles?
- Iliocostalis (lumborum, thoracic, cervicis)
- Longissimus (thoracic, cervicis, capitis)
- Spinalis (thoracic, cervicis, capitis)
Attachent, Action, and Innervation of Iliocostalis?
- Attachment- Pelvis, lumbar spinous process→ribs and lower cervical transverse (post tubercles)
- Actions- extend lumbar and inferior cervical, ab/adduct, and rotate
- Innervation- dorsal rami
Attachment, Action, and Innervation of Longissimus?
- Attachment- Spinous processes of lumbar, transverse processes of thoracic→ costotransverse joint, cervical transverse process, mastoid process
- Action- extend head/cervical, ab/adduct, and rotate
- Innervation- dorsal rami
Attachment, Action, and Innervation of Spinalis?
-Attachment- vertebral column spinous process→ spinous process or cranium
(S or 8 shaped muscle)
-Action- extend head/cervical, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic,cervical,head
-Innervation- dorsal rami
What are the deep intrinsic back muscles?
- Semispinalis (thoracic, cervicis, capitis)
- Multifidus (lumborum, thoracic, cervicis)
- Rotatores (mostly thoracic)
Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Semispinalis?
- Attachment- lower cervical an thoracic transverse processes→ thoracic, cervical spinous processes and occipital/nuchal lines
- Action- extend cervical/head, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic/cervical/head
- Innervation- dorsal rami
Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Multifidus?
- Attachment- pelvis, lumbar, thoracic, lower cervical transverse processes→ spinous processes 2-4 segments above
- Action- extend lumbar/cervical, ab/adduct and rotate lumbar/thoracic/cervical
- Innervation- dorsal rami
Attachment, Action, and Innervation of the Rotatores muscle?
- Attachment- transverse process thoracic vertebrae→ spinous process or lamina 1 or 2 segments above
- Action- extend, ab/adduct and rotate thoracic
- Innervation- dorsal rami
What are the minor deep layer muscles of the back and their attachments?
Interspinales: (cervicis, thoracic,lumborum)
-Attachment- spinous p. to spinous p.
Intertransversari: (cervicis, lumborum)
-Attachment- transverse p. to transverse p.
Levatores costarum: (thoracic)
-Attachment- thoracic transverse p. → adjacent rib
What are the suboccipital muscles and their attachments?
Rectus capitis posterior major:
-Attachment- C2 spinous p.→ occipital bone/lateral nuchal line
Rectus capitis posterior minor:
-Attachment- C1 posterior tubercle→ occipital bone/ medial nuchal line
Obliquus capitis inferior:
-Attachment- C2 spinous process→ C1 transverse process
Obliquus capitis superior:
-Attachment- C1 transverse process→ occipital bone/ lateral nuchal line
What are the suboccipital muscles innervated by?
Suboccipital nerve dorsal rami C1
What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?
- Rectus Capitis posterior major (superior/medial)
- Obliquus capitis inferior (inferolateral)
- Obliquus capitis superior (superolateral)
What is the floor of the pelvic diaphragm composed of?
- Coccygeus muscle
- Levator Ani (3 muscles)
- Urogenital hiatus
- Structures passing through
Coccygeus muscle: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation?
- Proximal- sacrum/coccyx
- Distal- ischial spine
- Action- supports pelvic organs; forms external anal sphincter
- Innervation- ventral rami
Levator ani has what 3 parts?
- puborectalis
- pubococcygeus
- iliococcygeus
Puborectalis muscle: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation?
- Proximal- anococcygeal body (ligament)
- Distal- pubis
- Action- supports pelvic orgnas; forms external anal sphincter
- Innervation- ventral rami
Pubococcygeus muscle: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation?
- Proximal-coccyx
- Distal-pubis
- Action-supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure
- Innervation-ventral rami
Iliococcygeus: Proximal? Distal? Action? Innervation?
- Proximal- coccyx
- Distal- tendinous arch between ischial spine and pubic body
- Action- supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure
- Innervation- ventral rami
