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Anatomy Test 2 > Vertebra > Flashcards

Vertebra Flashcards

1
Q

the body of a vertebrae is made of what?

A

primarily spongy bone, helps with shock absorption

the edges (epiphyseal rim) are smooth compact bone

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2
Q

what forms the boundaries of the vertebral foramen?

A

body + veterbral arch

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3
Q

what forms the vertebral arch?

A

pedicles + lamina

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4
Q

what do pedicles do?

A

attach to vert body, form roof and floor of intervertebral foramena

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5
Q

what are lamina?

A

connect the pedicles and each other, form the posterior arch

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6
Q

what forms the vertebral canal?

A

lined up vertebral foramena

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7
Q

what forms intervetebral foramen?

A
  1. Floor: Sup vert notch of pedicle
  2. Roof: inf vert notch of pedicle
  3. Post: lamina/zygapophyseal joint
  4. Ant: body/intervertebral disk
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8
Q

what do the intervertebral foramen contain?

A

spinal nerves

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9
Q

how many processes are there on a typical vertebrae?

A

7

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10
Q

what are the 7 vertebral processes?

A
  1. spinous (1),
  2. transverse processes (2),
  3. superior articular processes (2),
  4. inferior articular processes (2)
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11
Q

what is the angle between transverse and spinous processes called? why?

A

Gutter, a lot of posterior muscles run through this space

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12
Q

what articulations form the zygapophysial joints?

A

superior and inferior articular processes

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13
Q

what is the orientation of the zygapophysial joints?

A
  1. C: transverse
  2. T: oblique coronal
  3. L: (S) sagittal
  4. L: (I) coronal
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14
Q

how many articulations does a typical vertebrae have?

A

6 –between each vertebrae x2 –zygapophyseal joint R/L x2

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15
Q

cervical discs size

A

large disc with small vertebral bodies

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16
Q

advantages of cervical disc/vertebrae size

A

allows for more movement

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17
Q

what movements can occurs at cervical zygapophyseal joints?

A

flex/extension; abd/adduct; rotation

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18
Q

6 identifying features of cervical vertebrae

A

1) . transverse foramen
2) . A/P tubercles
3) . grooves for spinal nerves
4) . uncinate processes
5) . bifid spinous processes (C3-6)
6) . vertebra prominens

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19
Q

where are the A/P turbercles of cervical vertebae located?

A

at ends of transverse processes provide muscle attachments for levator scapulae and scalene muscles

(There is a P tubercle in place of a spinous process at C1)

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20
Q

where are the grooves for spinal nerves located in cervical vertebrae?

A

in a sulcus between A/P turbecles of transverse processes

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21
Q

which cervical vertebrae has bifid spinous processes?

A

C3-C6

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22
Q

what is an uncinate process?

A

elevated S epiphyseal rim ant and lat.

allows free flex/ext but restricts abd/adduction

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23
Q

what limits abd/adduction at cervical vertebae

A

uncovertebral joints

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24
Q

What are uncovertebral joints?

A

exist between uncinate process of cervical vertebra and epiphyseal rim of vertebral body above

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25
Q

what passes through the Cerv transverse foramen

A

vertebral arteries and veins

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26
Q

T/F: the atlas (C1) has a vertebral body?

A

FALSE

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27
Q

what type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

condyloid

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28
Q

T/F: the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane is a continuation of ligamentum flavum

29
Q

what does the atlas (C1) have in place of a body?

A

anterior arch connecting pedicles anteriorly

30
Q

what do the lateral masses of C1 do?

A

transmit weight from head to C2, contain sup/inf articular processes

31
Q

unique feature of the axis (C2)

A

dens (odontoid process)

32
Q

which T vert do not have paired S/I costal facets?

A

T1, 10, 11, 12

33
Q

Zygophyseal joints are stabilized by what accessory ligaments?

A
  1. ligamenta flava
  2. interspinous ligaments
  3. supraspinous ligaments
  4. nuchual ligament
  5. intertransverse ligaments
34
Q

What does the ligamenta flava do?

A

interconnects adjacent laminae

they are elastic ligaments that limit flexion

35
Q

how are the articular processes (zygapophyseal joints) oriented in T vert?

36
Q

what movement is restricted at zygapophyseal joints in T vert?

37
Q

what limits ab/adduction at T vert?

A

rib articulations

38
Q

where do ribs articulate with vertebrae?

A

Ribs 2-9: body of S/I vert and transverse process of inf vert

39
Q

how are the S/I articulations (zygapophyseal joints) oriented in L vert?

A

S: sagittal

I: coronal

40
Q

unique orientation of L5

A

body is higher A than P creating the lumbosacral angle

41
Q

what 2 surfaces of the sacrum articulate with the hips?

A

1) . sacral tuberosity
2) . auricular surface

42
Q

what type of joint does the pelvis and sacral tuberosity make?

A

fibrous, syndesmosis joint

43
Q

what type of joint does the pelvis and auricular surface make?

A

planar, synovial joint

44
Q

functional role of the coccyx

A

anchors the pelvic diaphragm, regulates pressure in the pelvic cavity

45
Q

components of intervertebral disc

A

anulus fibrosis, nucleus pulposus

46
Q

how is the annulus fibrosis arranged?

A
  1. outer ring of fibrocartilage of disk arranged in concentric lamellae attached to the epiphyseal rim of the vertebra above and vertebra below to hold them together.
  2. Twists to allow some rotation.
  3. All designed to keep the nucleus pulposus in the center
47
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament

A

runs from C1 and Occipital bone to pelvic surface of sacrum; limits vert column ext

48
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament

A

weaker; runs from C2 to sacrum through the vertebral canal; limits vert hyperflexion

49
Q

what are symphysis?

A

a type of cartilaginous joint

50
Q

atlanto-occipital articulation

A

occipital condyles with superior articular processes of C1

51
Q

what is the sacral canal?

A

continuation of vertebral canal; it houses the cuada equina

52
Q

what is the role of the A/P sacral foramena

A

serve as openings for dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves

53
Q

where does the sacrum articulate with L5?

A

L5 inferior articular process with superior articular process of sacrum

54
Q

what is the sacral promontory?

A

projection of S1 into the pelvic cavity

55
Q

Name the crests on the sacrum

A
  1. median sacral crest
  2. intermediate sacral crest
  3. lateral sacral crest
56
Q

what forms the median sacral crest?

A

fused spinous processes on the dorsal surface

57
Q

what forms the intermediate sacral crest?

A

fused articular processes of sacral vertebrae on the dorsal surface

58
Q

What forms the lateral sacral crest?

A

fused transverse processes of sacral vertebae on dorsal surface

59
Q

how does the sacrum articulate with the coccyx?

A

sacral cornu with the cornue of the coccyx

60
Q

How many articulations form the atlanto-axial joint? Name them.

A
  1. 2 lateral atlantoaxial apophysel joints
  2. median atlantoaxial joint = pivot joint
61
Q

what is the median atlantoaxial joint comprised of?

A
  1. synovial articulation between dens of C2 with anterior arch of C1
  2. synovial articulation between dens of C2 with cartilage of the transverse ligament
62
Q

Name the ligaments of the Atlanto-axial joint

A
  1. transverse ligament of the atlas
  2. longitudinal bands
  3. cruciate ligament (transverse + longitudinal bands)
  4. alar ligaments
  5. tectoral membrane
63
Q

What is the role of the alar ligaments at the atlanto-axial joint?

A

connect dens to lateral foramen magnum

64
Q

what is the role of the spinal curvatures?

A
  1. shock absorption
  2. flexibility
  3. balance in upright posture
65
Q

what is the venous supply of the vertebral column?

A
  1. anterior and posterior external vertebral plexus
  2. anterior and posterior internal vertebral plexus
  3. basivertebral vein
66
Q

what does the basivertebral vein do?

A

drains blood from vertebral body into anterior external and internal plexus

67
Q

What is the neural supply of the vertebral column?

A
  1. recurrent meningeal nerve
  2. articular branchs from medial branches from posterior rami
68
Q

what does the recurrent meningeal nerve do?

A

supplies dura mater, periosteum, ligaments, disks, and blood vessels of vertebrae with sensory and sympathetic innervations

Anatomy Test 2 (14 decks)

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