Test 2 Muscles Flashcards
1
Q
Muscles of mastication
A
1) . Temporalis
2) . Masseter
3) . Lateral pterygoid
4) . Medial pterygoid
2
Q
what innervates all of the muscles of mastication?
A
trigeminal nerve
3
Q
Temporalis prox attachment
A
floor of temporal fossa, deep surface of temporal fascia
4
Q
Temporalis distal attachment
A
coronoid process of mandible
5
Q
Temporalis innervation
A
Trigeminal (V3)
6
Q
Temporalis action
A
1) . elevate mandible
2) . close jaw post
3) . horizontal fibers retract jaw
7
Q
Masseter prox attachment
A
zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch
8
Q
Masseter distal attachment
A
lateral surface of ramus of mandible
9
Q
Masseter innervation
A
Trigeminal (V3)
10
Q
Masseter action
A
1) . elevate mandible
2) . minimal protrusion of manidble
11
Q
Lateral pterygoid prox attachment
A
1) . crest of greater wing of sphenoid
2) . lateral pterygoid plate
12
Q
Lateral pterygoid distal attachment
A
S: TMJ joint capsule
I: mandible
13
Q
Lateral pterygoid innervation
A
Trigeminal (V3)
14
Q
Lateral pterygoid action
A
Bi: protract mandible, depress chin
Uni: swings jaw toward contralateral side
15
Q
Medial pterygoid prox attachment
A
1) . medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
2) . tuberosity of maxilla
16
Q
Medial pterygoid distal attachment
A
medial surface of ramus of mandible, inf to mandibular foramen
17
Q
Medial pterygoid innervation
A
Trigeminal (V3)
18
Q
Medial pterygoid action
A
1) . synergistic to masseter in mandibular elevation
2) . protrusion
3) . uni move produces small grinding movements
19
Q
how many muscles of the scalp contribute to facial movement?
A
2
20
Q
what 2 muscles of the scalp contribute to facial movement?
A
1) . Occipitofrontalis,
2) . Epicranial aponeurosis
21
Q
how many muscles of the mouth, lips, and cheek contribute to facial expression?
A
9
22
Q
What muscles of the mouth, lips, and cheeks contribute to facial expression?
A
1) . Orbicularis oris
2) . Buccinator
3) . Depressor anguli oris
4) . Levator anguli oris
5) . Depressor labii inferioris
6) . levator labii superioris
7) . Zygomaticus major
8) . Zygomaticus minor
9) . Platysma
23
Q
orbital and nasal opening muscles
A
1) . Orbicularis Oculi
2) . Nasalis
24
Q
What innervates all the muscles of facial expression?
A
CN 7 (facial nerve)
25
superficial muscles of the neck
1) . Platysma
2) . Sternocleidomastoid
3) . Trapezius
26
Suprahyoid muscles
1) . Mylohoid
2) . Geniohyoid
3) . Stylohoid
4) . Digastric
27
Mylohoid origin
mandible and raphe
28
Mylohoid insertion
hyoid
29
Mylohoid innervation
CN5
30
Geniohyoid origin
mandible
31
Geniohyoid insertion
hyoid
32
Geniohyoid innervation
cervical plexus
33
Stylohyoid origin
temporal bone/styloid process
34
Stylohyoid insertion
hyoid
35
Stylohoid innervation
CN 7
36
Anterior digastric origin
mandible
37
Anterior digastric insertion
hyoid sling
38
Posterior digastric origin
temporal/mastoid
39
Posterior digastric insertion
hyoid sling
40
Anterior digastic innervation
CN 5
41
Posterior digastric innervation
CN 7
42
main action of all suprahyoid muscles?
elevate the larynx
43
Infrahyoid muscles
1) Sternohyoid
2) . Omohyoid
3) . Sternothyroid
4) . Thyrohyoid
44
Sternohyoid prox attachment
sternum
45
Sternohyoid distal attachment
Hyoid
46
Sternohyoid innervation
cervical plexus
47
Sternohyoid action
depress larynx
48
Omohyoid prox attachment
S: clavicle sling
I: scapula/notch
49
Omohyoid distal attachment
S: hyoid
I: clavicle sling
50
what connects the S and I belly of the omohyoid?
intermediate tendon at clavicular sling
51
Omohyoid innervation
cervical plexus
52
Omohyoid main action
depress larynx
53
Sternothyroid prox attachment
sternum
54
Sternothyroid distal attachment
larynx/thyroid cartilage
55
Sternothyroid innervation
cervical plexus
56
Sternothyroid main action
depress larynx
57
Thyrohyoid prox attachment
larynx thyroid cartilage
58
Thyrohyoid distal attachment
hyoid
59
Thyrohyoid innervation
cervical plexus
60
Thyrohyoid main action
depress larynx
61
Innervation of all infrahyoid muscles?
cervical plexus
62
Main action of all infrahyoid muscles?
depress larynx for swallowing and sound modification
63
Deep muscles of neck
1) . Longus coli (S/I/),
2) . Longus capitis,
3) . Rectus Capitis Anterior,
4) . Rectus capitis lateralis,
5) . A/M/P Scalene
64
Superior longus coli prox attachment
bodies of upper C vert
65
Superior longus coli distal attachment
transverse process of middle C vert
66
Inferior longus coli prox attachment
transverse process of middle C vert
67
Inferior longus coli distal attachment
bodies of inferior C Vert and super T vert
68
S/I longus coli action
Bi: flex
Uni: ab-/adduction; rotation
69
S/I longus coli innervation
cervical plexus
70
Longus capitis prox attachment
skull/occipital
71
Longus capitis distal attachment
transverse processes of middle C vert
72
Longus capitis innervation
cervical plexus
73
Longus capitis action
Bi: flex
Uni: ab-/adduction; rotation
74
Rectus capitis ant prox attachment
skull/occipital
75
Rectus capitis ant distal attachment
anteriolateral mass of C1
76
Rectus capitis ant innervation
cervical plexus
77
Rectus capitis ant action
Bi: flex
Uni: ab-/adduction; rotation
78
Rectus capitis lateralis prox attachment
skull/occiptal
79
Rectus capitis lateralis distal attachment
transverse process C1
80
Rectus capitis lateralis innervation
cervical plexus
81
Rectus capitis lateralis action
mostly proprioception (will also flex, ab-/adduct, rotate). Very important for monitoring head position
82
T/F: the rectus capitis lateralis can be considered a sensory organ?
TRUE
83
Anterior scalene prox attachment
transverse p. middle C vert
84
Anterior scalene distal attachment
rib 1
85
Middle scalene prox attachment
transverse p middle C vert
86
middle scalene distal attachment
rib 1
87
Posterior scalene prox attachment
transverse p. middle C vert
88
Posterior scalene distal attachment
rib 2
89
A/M/P scalene innervation
cervical plexus
90
A/M/P scalene action
Bi: flex
Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate
\*lift rib cage for inspiration
91
All the deep muscles of neck perform what actions?
Bi: flex
Uni: ab-/adduction; rotation
92
Muscles of pharynx
1) . S/M/I pharyngeal constrictors
2) . palatopharyngeal
3) . salpingopharyngeus
4) . stylopharyngeus
93
S/M/I pharyngeal constrictors origin
1. ant/lat skull,
2. hyoid,
3. larynx and trachea
94
S/M/I pharyngeal constrictors insertion
1. post skull
2. raphe
3. larynx
95
S/M/I pharyngeal constrictors action
constrict/squeeze walls of pharynx - reflexively during swallowing
96
S/M/I pharyngeal constrictors innervation
CN 10
97
Palatopharyngeal origin
palate
98
Palatopharyngeal insertion
pharynx
99
Palatopharyngeal innervation
CN 10
100
Palatopharyngeal action
elevate/shorten/widen pharynx
101
Salpingopharyngeus origin to insertion
Eustachian tube to pharynx
102
Salpingopharyngeus innervation
CN 10
103
Salpingopharyngeus action
elevate/shorten/widen pharynx
104
stylopharyngeus origin to insertion
styloid process to pharynx
105
stylopharyngeus innervation
CN 9
106
stylopharyngeus action
elevate/shorten/widen pharynx
107
Muscles of the thoracic cavity
1) . Serratus posterior (S/I)
2) . Levator Costarum
3) . External intercostals
4) . Internal intercostals
5) . innermost intercostals
6) . subcostal
7) . transversus thoracis
108
Serratus posterior superior, origin
S: spinous processes C7-T3
109
Serratus posterior superior, insertion
ribs 2-4
110
Serratus posterior superior, innervation
intercostal nerves
111
Serratus posterior superior, action
proprioception for respiration control
112
Serratus posterior inferior origin
spinous processes T11-L2
113
Serratus posterior inferior, inferior insertion
ribs 9-12
114
Serratus posterior inferior, innervation
intercostal nerve
115
serratus posterior inferior, action
proprioception for respiration control
116
Levator costarum origin
transverse processes of C7-T11
117
Levator costarum insertion
rib below
118
Levator costarum innervation
dorsal rami
119
Levator costarum action
elevate ribs for inspiration
120
external intercostals origin
superior rib
121
external intercostals insertion
inferior rib
122
external intercostals innervation
intercostal nerve
123
external intercostals action
elevate adjacent rib for inspiration
124
internal intercostals origin
inferior rib
125
internal intercostals insertion
superior rib
126
internal intercostals innervation
intercostal nerve
127
internal intercostals action
depress adjavent rib for expiration
128
innermost intercostals origin
inferior rib
129
innermost intercostal insertion
superior rib
130
innermost intercostal innervation
intercostal nerve
131
innermost intercostal action
depress adjacent rib expiration
132
subcostal origin
inferior rib
133
subcostal insertion
superior rib 2 or 3 above
134
subcostal innervation
intercostal nerve
135
subcostal action
depress ribs for expiration
136
transversus thoracis origin
sternum
137
transversus thoracis insertion
costal cartilage
138
transversus thoracis innervation
intercostal nerve
139
transversus thoracis action
proprioception for respiration control
140
anterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm
xiphoid process
141
lateral peripheral attachment of the diaphragm
costal cartilage and ribs 5-10
142
posterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm
L1-3 vertebrae and floating ribs
143
Deep attachment of the diaphragm
central tendon
144
What muscles pass through the diapgragm?
Psoas major (under med arcuate lig) and quadrates lumborum (under lat arcuate lig)
145
Diaphragm innervation
phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)
146
Diaphragm actions
inhale - contract exhale - relax
147
External Oblique origin
ribs 5-12
148
External oblique insertion
rectus sheath
149
External oblique innervation
spinal nerves T7-12
150
Internal Oblique origin
vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips
151
Internal oblique insertion
lower ribs; rectus sheath
152
Internal oblique innervation
spinal nerves T6-T12
153
Action of Internal and External Oblique
Bi: flex at trunk
Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate
Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale
154
Transversus abdominis origin
lower ribs; vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips
155
Transversus abdominis insertion
rectus sheath
156
Transversus abdominis innervation
spinal nerves T7-T12
157
Transversus abdominis action
Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate
Respiration: compress abdomen to exhale
158
Rectus abdominis origin
pubic symphysis
159
Rectus abdominis insertion
lower ribs; xiphoid
160
Rectus abdominis innervation
spinal nerves T6-T12
161
Rectus abdominis action
Bi: flex at trunk
Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale
162
pelvic floor muscles
1) . coccygeus muscle
2) . levator ani
163
Coccygeus attachments
also called ischeococcgeus - attached sacrum/coccyx to ischial spine
164
Coccygeus muscle prox attachment
sacrum/coccyx
165
Coccygeus muscle distal attachment
ischial spine
166
Coccygeus muscle action
supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure
167
Coccygeus innervation
ventral rami
168
Levator ani
composite of 3 muscles:
1) . puborectalis
2) . pubococcygeus
3) . iliococcygeus
169
puborectalis prox attachment
anococcygeal body (ligament)
170
puborectalis distal attachment
pubis
171
puborectalis action
supports pelvic organs; forms external anal sphincter
172
puborectalis innervation
ventral rami
173
pubococcygeus prox attachment
coccyx
174
pubococcygeus distal attachment
pubis
175
pubococcygeus action
supports pelvic organs' regulate abdominal pressure
176
pubococcygeus innervation
ventral rami
177
iliococcygeus prox attachment
coccyx
178
iliococcygeus distal attachment
tendinous arch between ischial spine and pubic body
179
iliococcygeus action
supports pelvic organs' regulate abdominal pressure
180
iliococcygeus innervation
ventral rami
181
What are the superficial extrinsic back muscles?
1) . trapezius
2) . latissimus dorsi
3) . rhomboids
4) . levator scapulae
182
What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?
S/I serratus posterior
183
where is the serratus posterior superior located?
deep to the rhomboids
184
where is the serratus posterior inferior located?
deep to latissimus dorsi
185
what do the intermediate extrinsic back muscles do?
rib cage proprioception (innervated by intercostal nerves)
186
what is the general action of the intrinsic (deep) back muscles?
maintain posture (balance) and extend, ab-/adduct, and rotate the vertebral column
187
which layer of the intrinsic back muscles is longer?
superficial and intermediate layers (span 5-8 segments)
188
intrinsic back muscles (superficial layer)
Splenius (capitis and cervicis)
189
prox attachment of splenius capitis
nuchal ligament
190
distal attachment of splenius capitis
mastoid process
191
prox attachment of splenius cervicis
lower C and upper T spinous processes
192
distal attachment of splenius cervicis
superior cervical transverse process
193
innervation of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis
dorsal rami
194
intrinsic back muscles (intermediate layer)
Erector spinae muscles
195
erector spinae muscles
1) . Iliocostalis
2) . Longissimus
3) . Spinalis
196
all erector spinae have how many parts?
3
197
what are the 3 parts of the Iliocostalis?
lumborum, thoracis, cervicis
198
what are the 3 parts of the longissimus?
thoracis, cervicis, and capitis
199
what are the 3 parts of the spinalis?
thoracis, cervicis, capitis
200
origin of Iliocostalis
pelvis and lumbar spinous processes
201
insertion of Iliocostalis
ribs & lower cervical transverse processes
202
origin of longissimus
vertebral column spinous processes
203
intrinsic back muscles (deep layer)
1) . semispinalis
2) . multifidus
3) . Rotatores
204
intrinsic back muscles (deep layer) location?
"gutter" between spinous and transverse processes
205
what are the 3 parts of the semispinalis?
thoracis, cervicis, and capitis
206
origin of semispinalis
lower cervical & thoracic transverse processes
207
insertion of semispinalis
thoracic, cervical spinous processes & occipital/nuchal lines 4-6 segments above origin
208
3 parts of the multifidus
lumborum, thoracis, cervicis
209
where is multifidus largest?
lumborum lordotic curve
210
origin of multifidus
pelvis, lumber, thoracic, lower cervical transverse processes
211
insertion of multifidus
spinous process 2-4 segments above origin
212
where are the rotatores mostly located?
thoracic region
213
rotatores origin
transverse process of thoracic vert
214
rotatores insertion
spinous process of lamina 1 (brevis) or 2 (longus) segements above origin
215
muscles in the minor deep layer
1) . Interspinales
2) . Intertransversari cervicis; lumborum
3) . Levatores costarum, thoracicis
216
unique feature of minor deep layer
cross 1 intervertebral joint
217
what is the function of the minor deep layer?
stabilize vertebral column (posture)
218
Interspinales attachments
spinous processes to spinous process
219
Intertransversari attachments
transverse process to transverse process
220
Levatores costarum/thoracicis attachment
thoracic transverse process -\> adjacent rib
221
what is the function of the Levatores costarum:thoracicis?
functions in respiration to assist in lifting the rib cage for inspiration
222
Suboccipital muscles
1) . rectus capitis posterior major
2) . rectus capitis posterior minor
3) . obliquus capitis inferior
4) . Obliquus capitis superior
223
innervation of all suboccipital muscles
suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami C1)
224
Rectus capitis post major attachment
C2 spinous p -\> occipital bone/lateral nuchal line
225
Rectus capitis post min attachment
C1/post tubercle of posterior arch -\> occipital bone/medial nuchal line
226
Obliquus capitis inf attachment
C2/spinous process -\> C1 transverse process
227
Obliquus capitis superior attachment
C1/transverse process -\> occipital bone/lateral nuchal lines
