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Anatomy Test 2 > Test 2 Muscles > Flashcards

Test 2 Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of mastication

A

1) . Temporalis
2) . Masseter
3) . Lateral pterygoid
4) . Medial pterygoid

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2
Q

what innervates all of the muscles of mastication?

A

trigeminal nerve

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3
Q

Temporalis prox attachment

A

floor of temporal fossa, deep surface of temporal fascia

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4
Q

Temporalis distal attachment

A

coronoid process of mandible

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5
Q

Temporalis innervation

A

Trigeminal (V3)

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6
Q

Temporalis action

A

1) . elevate mandible
2) . close jaw post
3) . horizontal fibers retract jaw

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7
Q

Masseter prox attachment

A

zygomatic bone and zygomatic arch

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8
Q

Masseter distal attachment

A

lateral surface of ramus of mandible

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9
Q

Masseter innervation

A

Trigeminal (V3)

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10
Q

Masseter action

A

1) . elevate mandible
2) . minimal protrusion of manidble

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11
Q

Lateral pterygoid prox attachment

A

1) . crest of greater wing of sphenoid
2) . lateral pterygoid plate

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12
Q

Lateral pterygoid distal attachment

A

S: TMJ joint capsule

I: mandible

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13
Q

Lateral pterygoid innervation

A

Trigeminal (V3)

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14
Q

Lateral pterygoid action

A

Bi: protract mandible, depress chin

Uni: swings jaw toward contralateral side

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15
Q

Medial pterygoid prox attachment

A

1) . medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
2) . tuberosity of maxilla

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16
Q

Medial pterygoid distal attachment

A

medial surface of ramus of mandible, inf to mandibular foramen

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17
Q

Medial pterygoid innervation

A

Trigeminal (V3)

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18
Q

Medial pterygoid action

A

1) . synergistic to masseter in mandibular elevation
2) . protrusion
3) . uni move produces small grinding movements

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19
Q

how many muscles of the scalp contribute to facial movement?

A

2

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20
Q

what 2 muscles of the scalp contribute to facial movement?

A

1) . Occipitofrontalis,
2) . Epicranial aponeurosis

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21
Q

how many muscles of the mouth, lips, and cheek contribute to facial expression?

A

9

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22
Q

What muscles of the mouth, lips, and cheeks contribute to facial expression?

A

1) . Orbicularis oris
2) . Buccinator
3) . Depressor anguli oris
4) . Levator anguli oris
5) . Depressor labii inferioris
6) . levator labii superioris
7) . Zygomaticus major
8) . Zygomaticus minor
9) . Platysma

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23
Q

orbital and nasal opening muscles

A

1) . Orbicularis Oculi
2) . Nasalis

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24
Q

What innervates all the muscles of facial expression?

A

CN 7 (facial nerve)

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25
Q

superficial muscles of the neck

A

1) . Platysma
2) . Sternocleidomastoid
3) . Trapezius

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26
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A

1) . Mylohoid
2) . Geniohyoid
3) . Stylohoid
4) . Digastric

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27
Q

Mylohoid origin

A

mandible and raphe

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28
Q

Mylohoid insertion

A

hyoid

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29
Q

Mylohoid innervation

A

CN5

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30
Q

Geniohyoid origin

A

mandible

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31
Q

Geniohyoid insertion

A

hyoid

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32
Q

Geniohyoid innervation

A

cervical plexus

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33
Q

Stylohyoid origin

A

temporal bone/styloid process

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34
Q

Stylohyoid insertion

A

hyoid

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35
Q

Stylohoid innervation

A

CN 7

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36
Q

Anterior digastric origin

A

mandible

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37
Q

Anterior digastric insertion

A

hyoid sling

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38
Q

Posterior digastric origin

A

temporal/mastoid

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39
Q

Posterior digastric insertion

A

hyoid sling

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40
Q

Anterior digastic innervation

A

CN 5

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41
Q

Posterior digastric innervation

A

CN 7

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42
Q

main action of all suprahyoid muscles?

A

elevate the larynx

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43
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A

1) Sternohyoid
2) . Omohyoid
3) . Sternothyroid
4) . Thyrohyoid

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44
Q

Sternohyoid prox attachment

A

sternum

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45
Q

Sternohyoid distal attachment

A

Hyoid

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46
Q

Sternohyoid innervation

A

cervical plexus

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47
Q

Sternohyoid action

A

depress larynx

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48
Q

Omohyoid prox attachment

A

S: clavicle sling

I: scapula/notch

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49
Q

Omohyoid distal attachment

A

S: hyoid

I: clavicle sling

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50
Q

what connects the S and I belly of the omohyoid?

A

intermediate tendon at clavicular sling

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51
Q

Omohyoid innervation

A

cervical plexus

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52
Q

Omohyoid main action

A

depress larynx

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53
Q

Sternothyroid prox attachment

A

sternum

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54
Q

Sternothyroid distal attachment

A

larynx/thyroid cartilage

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55
Q

Sternothyroid innervation

A

cervical plexus

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56
Q

Sternothyroid main action

A

depress larynx

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57
Q

Thyrohyoid prox attachment

A

larynx thyroid cartilage

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58
Q

Thyrohyoid distal attachment

A

hyoid

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59
Q

Thyrohyoid innervation

A

cervical plexus

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60
Q

Thyrohyoid main action

A

depress larynx

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61
Q

Innervation of all infrahyoid muscles?

A

cervical plexus

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62
Q

Main action of all infrahyoid muscles?

A

depress larynx for swallowing and sound modification

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63
Q

Deep muscles of neck

A

1) . Longus coli (S/I/),
2) . Longus capitis,
3) . Rectus Capitis Anterior,
4) . Rectus capitis lateralis,
5) . A/M/P Scalene

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64
Q

Superior longus coli prox attachment

A

bodies of upper C vert

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65
Q

Superior longus coli distal attachment

A

transverse process of middle C vert

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66
Q

Inferior longus coli prox attachment

A

transverse process of middle C vert

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67
Q

Inferior longus coli distal attachment

A

bodies of inferior C Vert and super T vert

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68
Q

S/I longus coli action

A

Bi: flex

Uni: ab-/adduction; rotation

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69
Q

S/I longus coli innervation

A

cervical plexus

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70
Q

Longus capitis prox attachment

A

skull/occipital

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71
Q

Longus capitis distal attachment

A

transverse processes of middle C vert

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72
Q

Longus capitis innervation

A

cervical plexus

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73
Q

Longus capitis action

A

Bi: flex

Uni: ab-/adduction; rotation

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74
Q

Rectus capitis ant prox attachment

A

skull/occipital

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75
Q

Rectus capitis ant distal attachment

A

anteriolateral mass of C1

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76
Q

Rectus capitis ant innervation

A

cervical plexus

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77
Q

Rectus capitis ant action

A

Bi: flex

Uni: ab-/adduction; rotation

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78
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis prox attachment

A

skull/occiptal

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79
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis distal attachment

A

transverse process C1

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80
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis innervation

A

cervical plexus

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81
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis action

A

mostly proprioception (will also flex, ab-/adduct, rotate). Very important for monitoring head position

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82
Q

T/F: the rectus capitis lateralis can be considered a sensory organ?

A

TRUE

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83
Q

Anterior scalene prox attachment

A

transverse p. middle C vert

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84
Q

Anterior scalene distal attachment

A

rib 1

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85
Q

Middle scalene prox attachment

A

transverse p middle C vert

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86
Q

middle scalene distal attachment

A

rib 1

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87
Q

Posterior scalene prox attachment

A

transverse p. middle C vert

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88
Q

Posterior scalene distal attachment

A

rib 2

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89
Q

A/M/P scalene innervation

A

cervical plexus

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90
Q

A/M/P scalene action

A

Bi: flex

Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate

*lift rib cage for inspiration

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91
Q

All the deep muscles of neck perform what actions?

A

Bi: flex

Uni: ab-/adduction; rotation

92
Q

Muscles of pharynx

A

1) . S/M/I pharyngeal constrictors
2) . palatopharyngeal
3) . salpingopharyngeus
4) . stylopharyngeus

93
Q

S/M/I pharyngeal constrictors origin

A
  1. ant/lat skull,
  2. hyoid,
  3. larynx and trachea
94
Q

S/M/I pharyngeal constrictors insertion

A
  1. post skull
  2. raphe
  3. larynx
95
Q

S/M/I pharyngeal constrictors action

A

constrict/squeeze walls of pharynx - reflexively during swallowing

96
Q

S/M/I pharyngeal constrictors innervation

97
Q

Palatopharyngeal origin

98
Q

Palatopharyngeal insertion

99
Q

Palatopharyngeal innervation

100
Q

Palatopharyngeal action

A

elevate/shorten/widen pharynx

101
Q

Salpingopharyngeus origin to insertion

A

Eustachian tube to pharynx

102
Q

Salpingopharyngeus innervation

103
Q

Salpingopharyngeus action

A

elevate/shorten/widen pharynx

104
Q

stylopharyngeus origin to insertion

A

styloid process to pharynx

105
Q

stylopharyngeus innervation

106
Q

stylopharyngeus action

A

elevate/shorten/widen pharynx

107
Q

Muscles of the thoracic cavity

A

1) . Serratus posterior (S/I)
2) . Levator Costarum
3) . External intercostals
4) . Internal intercostals
5) . innermost intercostals
6) . subcostal
7) . transversus thoracis

108
Q

Serratus posterior superior, origin

A

S: spinous processes C7-T3

109
Q

Serratus posterior superior, insertion

110
Q

Serratus posterior superior, innervation

A

intercostal nerves

111
Q

Serratus posterior superior, action

A

proprioception for respiration control

112
Q

Serratus posterior inferior origin

A

spinous processes T11-L2

113
Q

Serratus posterior inferior, inferior insertion

114
Q

Serratus posterior inferior, innervation

A

intercostal nerve

115
Q

serratus posterior inferior, action

A

proprioception for respiration control

116
Q

Levator costarum origin

A

transverse processes of C7-T11

117
Q

Levator costarum insertion

118
Q

Levator costarum innervation

A

dorsal rami

119
Q

Levator costarum action

A

elevate ribs for inspiration

120
Q

external intercostals origin

A

superior rib

121
Q

external intercostals insertion

A

inferior rib

122
Q

external intercostals innervation

A

intercostal nerve

123
Q

external intercostals action

A

elevate adjacent rib for inspiration

124
Q

internal intercostals origin

A

inferior rib

125
Q

internal intercostals insertion

A

superior rib

126
Q

internal intercostals innervation

A

intercostal nerve

127
Q

internal intercostals action

A

depress adjavent rib for expiration

128
Q

innermost intercostals origin

A

inferior rib

129
Q

innermost intercostal insertion

A

superior rib

130
Q

innermost intercostal innervation

A

intercostal nerve

131
Q

innermost intercostal action

A

depress adjacent rib expiration

132
Q

subcostal origin

A

inferior rib

133
Q

subcostal insertion

A

superior rib 2 or 3 above

134
Q

subcostal innervation

A

intercostal nerve

135
Q

subcostal action

A

depress ribs for expiration

136
Q

transversus thoracis origin

137
Q

transversus thoracis insertion

A

costal cartilage

138
Q

transversus thoracis innervation

A

intercostal nerve

139
Q

transversus thoracis action

A

proprioception for respiration control

140
Q

anterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

A

xiphoid process

141
Q

lateral peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

A

costal cartilage and ribs 5-10

142
Q

posterior peripheral attachment of the diaphragm

A

L1-3 vertebrae and floating ribs

143
Q

Deep attachment of the diaphragm

A

central tendon

144
Q

What muscles pass through the diapgragm?

A

Psoas major (under med arcuate lig) and quadrates lumborum (under lat arcuate lig)

145
Q

Diaphragm innervation

A

phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5)

146
Q

Diaphragm actions

A

inhale - contract exhale - relax

147
Q

External Oblique origin

148
Q

External oblique insertion

A

rectus sheath

149
Q

External oblique innervation

A

spinal nerves T7-12

150
Q

Internal Oblique origin

A

vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips

151
Q

Internal oblique insertion

A

lower ribs; rectus sheath

152
Q

Internal oblique innervation

A

spinal nerves T6-T12

153
Q

Action of Internal and External Oblique

A

Bi: flex at trunk

Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate

Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale

154
Q

Transversus abdominis origin

A

lower ribs; vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia; hips

155
Q

Transversus abdominis insertion

A

rectus sheath

156
Q

Transversus abdominis innervation

A

spinal nerves T7-T12

157
Q

Transversus abdominis action

A

Uni: ab-/adduct; rotate

Respiration: compress abdomen to exhale

158
Q

Rectus abdominis origin

A

pubic symphysis

159
Q

Rectus abdominis insertion

A

lower ribs; xiphoid

160
Q

Rectus abdominis innervation

A

spinal nerves T6-T12

161
Q

Rectus abdominis action

A

Bi: flex at trunk

Respiration: pull rib cage down & compress abdomen to exhale

162
Q

pelvic floor muscles

A

1) . coccygeus muscle
2) . levator ani

163
Q

Coccygeus attachments

A

also called ischeococcgeus - attached sacrum/coccyx to ischial spine

164
Q

Coccygeus muscle prox attachment

A

sacrum/coccyx

165
Q

Coccygeus muscle distal attachment

A

ischial spine

166
Q

Coccygeus muscle action

A

supports pelvic organs; regulate abdominal pressure

167
Q

Coccygeus innervation

A

ventral rami

168
Q

Levator ani

A

composite of 3 muscles:

1) . puborectalis
2) . pubococcygeus
3) . iliococcygeus

169
Q

puborectalis prox attachment

A

anococcygeal body (ligament)

170
Q

puborectalis distal attachment

171
Q

puborectalis action

A

supports pelvic organs; forms external anal sphincter

172
Q

puborectalis innervation

A

ventral rami

173
Q

pubococcygeus prox attachment

174
Q

pubococcygeus distal attachment

175
Q

pubococcygeus action

A

supports pelvic organs’ regulate abdominal pressure

176
Q

pubococcygeus innervation

A

ventral rami

177
Q

iliococcygeus prox attachment

178
Q

iliococcygeus distal attachment

A

tendinous arch between ischial spine and pubic body

179
Q

iliococcygeus action

A

supports pelvic organs’ regulate abdominal pressure

180
Q

iliococcygeus innervation

A

ventral rami

181
Q

What are the superficial extrinsic back muscles?

A

1) . trapezius
2) . latissimus dorsi
3) . rhomboids
4) . levator scapulae

182
Q

What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?

A

S/I serratus posterior

183
Q

where is the serratus posterior superior located?

A

deep to the rhomboids

184
Q

where is the serratus posterior inferior located?

A

deep to latissimus dorsi

185
Q

what do the intermediate extrinsic back muscles do?

A

rib cage proprioception (innervated by intercostal nerves)

186
Q

what is the general action of the intrinsic (deep) back muscles?

A

maintain posture (balance) and extend, ab-/adduct, and rotate the vertebral column

187
Q

which layer of the intrinsic back muscles is longer?

A

superficial and intermediate layers (span 5-8 segments)

188
Q

intrinsic back muscles (superficial layer)

A

Splenius (capitis and cervicis)

189
Q

prox attachment of splenius capitis

A

nuchal ligament

190
Q

distal attachment of splenius capitis

A

mastoid process

191
Q

prox attachment of splenius cervicis

A

lower C and upper T spinous processes

192
Q

distal attachment of splenius cervicis

A

superior cervical transverse process

193
Q

innervation of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

A

dorsal rami

194
Q

intrinsic back muscles (intermediate layer)

A

Erector spinae muscles

195
Q

erector spinae muscles

A

1) . Iliocostalis
2) . Longissimus
3) . Spinalis

196
Q

all erector spinae have how many parts?

197
Q

what are the 3 parts of the Iliocostalis?

A

lumborum, thoracis, cervicis

198
Q

what are the 3 parts of the longissimus?

A

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

199
Q

what are the 3 parts of the spinalis?

A

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

200
Q

origin of Iliocostalis

A

pelvis and lumbar spinous processes

201
Q

insertion of Iliocostalis

A

ribs & lower cervical transverse processes

202
Q

origin of longissimus

A

vertebral column spinous processes

203
Q

intrinsic back muscles (deep layer)

A

1) . semispinalis
2) . multifidus
3) . Rotatores

204
Q

intrinsic back muscles (deep layer) location?

A

“gutter” between spinous and transverse processes

205
Q

what are the 3 parts of the semispinalis?

A

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

206
Q

origin of semispinalis

A

lower cervical & thoracic transverse processes

207
Q

insertion of semispinalis

A

thoracic, cervical spinous processes & occipital/nuchal lines 4-6 segments above origin

208
Q

3 parts of the multifidus

A

lumborum, thoracis, cervicis

209
Q

where is multifidus largest?

A

lumborum lordotic curve

210
Q

origin of multifidus

A

pelvis, lumber, thoracic, lower cervical transverse processes

211
Q

insertion of multifidus

A

spinous process 2-4 segments above origin

212
Q

where are the rotatores mostly located?

A

thoracic region

213
Q

rotatores origin

A

transverse process of thoracic vert

214
Q

rotatores insertion

A

spinous process of lamina 1 (brevis) or 2 (longus) segements above origin

215
Q

muscles in the minor deep layer

A

1) . Interspinales
2) . Intertransversari cervicis; lumborum
3) . Levatores costarum, thoracicis

216
Q

unique feature of minor deep layer

A

cross 1 intervertebral joint

217
Q

what is the function of the minor deep layer?

A

stabilize vertebral column (posture)

218
Q

Interspinales attachments

A

spinous processes to spinous process

219
Q

Intertransversari attachments

A

transverse process to transverse process

220
Q

Levatores costarum/thoracicis attachment

A

thoracic transverse process -> adjacent rib

221
Q

what is the function of the Levatores costarum:thoracicis?

A

functions in respiration to assist in lifting the rib cage for inspiration

222
Q

Suboccipital muscles

A

1) . rectus capitis posterior major
2) . rectus capitis posterior minor
3) . obliquus capitis inferior
4) . Obliquus capitis superior

223
Q

innervation of all suboccipital muscles

A

suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami C1)

224
Q

Rectus capitis post major attachment

A

C2 spinous p -> occipital bone/lateral nuchal line

225
Q

Rectus capitis post min attachment

A

C1/post tubercle of posterior arch -> occipital bone/medial nuchal line

226
Q

Obliquus capitis inf attachment

A

C2/spinous process -> C1 transverse process

227
Q

Obliquus capitis superior attachment

A

C1/transverse process -> occipital bone/lateral nuchal lines

Anatomy Test 2 (14 decks)

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