Heart and Lungs Flashcards
mediastinum
area between pleural cavities
what is inside the mediastinum?
heart and pericardium
contents outside the pericardium
1) . thymus
2) . veins
3) . arteries
4) . nerves
5) . trachea and primary bronchi
6) . esophagus
7) . thoracic duct
which veins are found in the mediastinum outside the pericardium?
1) . R/L brachiocephalic
2) . superior vena cava
3) . azygos veins
which arteries are found in the mediastinum outside the pericardium?
1) . aortic arch/descending aorta/ branches to thoracic structures
2) . pulmonary truck with R/L pulmonary artery branches
3) . brachiocephalic trunk
4) . left carotid
5) . left subclavian
which nerves are found in the mediastinum outside the pericardium?
1) . vagus & recurrent laryngeal branches > esophageal plexus
2) . phrenic
3) . cardiac plexus (sympathetic & parasympathetic)
4) . sympathetic chain ganglia
layers of the pericardium
1) . fibrous pericardium
2) . serous pericardium
3) . visceral pericardium
what is the fibrous pericardium
outer layer of pericardium; suspends the heart in loose CT of mediastinum, protects it from over filling
what is the serous pericardium?
serous membrane forming the inner lining of pericardium (parietal pericardium)
what is the visceral pericardium?
serous membrane forming the outer covering of the heart (epicardium)
what is the orientation of the heart?
oblique, off center with 2/3 on L of mid-sagitall plane
venous supply to the right atria
1) . Superior vena cava - blood from head, arms and thorax
2) . inferior vena cava - blood from abdomen, pelvis, and legs
3) . coronary sinus - blood from heart myocardium
valve between R atria and ventricle
R atrioventricular (AV) valve = tricuspid valve
left AV valve
bicuspid/mitral valve
valve between R atria and pulmonary trunk
pulmonary semilunar valve
valve between L ventricle and aorta
aortic semilunar valve
layers of the heart wall
1) . epicardium
2) . myocardium
3) . endocardium
what is the endocardium?
simple squamous epithelial lining of the heart chambers
what attaches to AV valve flaps and close valves
chorde tendenae and papillary muscles
what do the trabeculae carneae do?
muscular ridges found on the inner surface of both ventricles
where are the pectinate muscles?
ridges found on the inner surface on both atria
where are the auricles?
R/L pouches attached to the R/L atria
what is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?
dense CT associated with the bases of the 4 valves. Acts as an insulator to electrically isolate atria from ventricles to create 2 heart pumps
where does the right coronary artery branch to?
1) . SA node
2) . base of heart
3) . posterior R/L ventricles and IVC
4) . AV node
