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Anatomy Test 2 > Heart and Lungs > Flashcards

Heart and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

mediastinum

A

area between pleural cavities

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2
Q

what is inside the mediastinum?

A

heart and pericardium

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3
Q

contents outside the pericardium

A

1) . thymus
2) . veins
3) . arteries
4) . nerves
5) . trachea and primary bronchi
6) . esophagus
7) . thoracic duct

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4
Q

which veins are found in the mediastinum outside the pericardium?

A

1) . R/L brachiocephalic
2) . superior vena cava
3) . azygos veins

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5
Q

which arteries are found in the mediastinum outside the pericardium?

A

1) . aortic arch/descending aorta/ branches to thoracic structures
2) . pulmonary truck with R/L pulmonary artery branches
3) . brachiocephalic trunk
4) . left carotid
5) . left subclavian

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6
Q

which nerves are found in the mediastinum outside the pericardium?

A

1) . vagus & recurrent laryngeal branches > esophageal plexus
2) . phrenic
3) . cardiac plexus (sympathetic & parasympathetic)
4) . sympathetic chain ganglia

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7
Q

layers of the pericardium

A

1) . fibrous pericardium
2) . serous pericardium
3) . visceral pericardium

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8
Q

what is the fibrous pericardium

A

outer layer of pericardium; suspends the heart in loose CT of mediastinum, protects it from over filling

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9
Q

what is the serous pericardium?

A

serous membrane forming the inner lining of pericardium (parietal pericardium)

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10
Q

what is the visceral pericardium?

A

serous membrane forming the outer covering of the heart (epicardium)

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11
Q

what is the orientation of the heart?

A

oblique, off center with 2/3 on L of mid-sagitall plane

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12
Q

venous supply to the right atria

A

1) . Superior vena cava - blood from head, arms and thorax
2) . inferior vena cava - blood from abdomen, pelvis, and legs
3) . coronary sinus - blood from heart myocardium

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13
Q

valve between R atria and ventricle

A

R atrioventricular (AV) valve = tricuspid valve

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14
Q

left AV valve

A

bicuspid/mitral valve

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15
Q

valve between R atria and pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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16
Q

valve between L ventricle and aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

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17
Q

layers of the heart wall

A

1) . epicardium
2) . myocardium
3) . endocardium

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18
Q

what is the endocardium?

A

simple squamous epithelial lining of the heart chambers

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19
Q

what attaches to AV valve flaps and close valves

A

chorde tendenae and papillary muscles

20
Q

what do the trabeculae carneae do?

A

muscular ridges found on the inner surface of both ventricles

21
Q

where are the pectinate muscles?

A

ridges found on the inner surface on both atria

22
Q

where are the auricles?

A

R/L pouches attached to the R/L atria

23
Q

what is the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A

dense CT associated with the bases of the 4 valves. Acts as an insulator to electrically isolate atria from ventricles to create 2 heart pumps

24
Q

where does the right coronary artery branch to?

A

1) . SA node
2) . base of heart
3) . posterior R/L ventricles and IVC
4) . AV node

25
Q

where does the left coronary artery branch to?

A

1) . SA node (40%)
2) . Ant R and L ventricles and IVS
3) . post surface
4) . left border
5) . post R and L ventricles and IVC (30%)

26
Q

where do the R/L coronary arteries run?

A

in AV sulcus

27
Q

how does the right coronary artery get to the Post R/L ventricles and IVC?

A

via posterior interventricular

28
Q

how does the right coronary artery get to the base of the heart?

A

right marginal

29
Q

how does the left coronary artery get to the Ant R/L ventricles and IVS?

A

via anterior interventricular artery = left anterior descending artery

30
Q

how does the left coronary artery get to the posterior surface of the heart?

A

via circumflex artery

31
Q

how does the left coronary artery get to the left border of the heart?

A

via marginal artery

32
Q

where do the veins of the heart drain?

A

into great cardiac vein (left coronary sulcus) -> coronary sinus -> right atria

33
Q

how does the left coronary artery run to the ant R/L ventricles and IVS?

A

via anterior inter ventricular artery and left anterior descending artery

34
Q

how does the left coronary artery branch to the posterior surface of the heart?

A

via circumflex artery

35
Q

how does the left coronary artery run to the left border of the heart?

A

via the marginal artery

36
Q

how does the left coronary artery branch to the post R/L ventricles and IVC?

A

via posterior inter-ventricular artery

37
Q

how does the R coronary artery branch to the base of the heart?

A

via right marginal artery

38
Q

how does the R coronary artery branch to the posterior R/L ventricles and IVC?

A

via posterior inter-ventricular artery

39
Q

T/F: the fibrous pericardium is continuous with the serous pericardium

A

TRUE

40
Q

What is the intrinsic pathway for coronary innervation?

A

SA node (pacemaker) -> internodal fibers -> AV node (delay) -> AV bundle of HIS -> bundle branches -> Purkinje fibers

41
Q

what is found in the hilum of the lungs?

A
  1. pulmonary arteries and veins
  2. bronchial arteries and veins
  3. primary (main) bronchus
  4. lymphatics
  5. nerves
  6. pulmonary ligament
42
Q

what is the pulmonary ligament?

A

fold of viseral and parietal pleura connecting lungs to mediastinum

43
Q

what portion of the airway has thick walls with no gas exchange?

A

the conducting portion

44
Q

name the structures in the conducting portion of the airway

A
  1. Oral and nasal cavities
  2. Pharynx
  3. Larynx
  4. Trachea
  5. Primary bronchi
  6. Secondary bronchi (to lobes)
  7. Tertiary bonchi (segmental, ~10 per lung)
  8. Bronchioles
  9. Terminal bronchioles
45
Q

what portion of the airway is responsible for gas exchange?

A

Respiratory portion

46
Q

Name the structures in the respiratory portion of the airway

A
  1. Respiratory bronchioles (lubulues)
  2. Alveolar duct
  3. Alveolar sac
  4. Alveoli

Anatomy Test 2 (14 decks)

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