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Anatomy Test 2 > Back > Flashcards

Back Flashcards

1
Q

What are the superficial extrinsic back muscles?

A

1) . trapezius
2) . latissimus dorsi
3) . rhomboids
4) . levator scapulae

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2
Q

What are the intermediate extrinsic back muscles?

A

S/I serratus posterior

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3
Q

where is the serratus posterior superior located?

A

deep to the rhomboids

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4
Q

where is the serratus posterior inferior located?

A

deep to latissimus dorsi

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5
Q

what do the intermediate extrinsic back muscles do?

A

rib cage proprioception (innervated by intercostal nerves)

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6
Q

what is the general action of the intrinsic (deep) back muscles?

A

maintain posture (balance) and extend, ab-/adduct, and rotate the vertebral column

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7
Q

which layer of the intrinsic back muscles is longer?

A

superficial and intermediate layers (span 5-8 segments)

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8
Q

intrinsic back muscles (superficial layer)

A

Splenius (capitis and cervicis)

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9
Q

prox attachment of splenius capitis

A

nuchal ligament

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10
Q

distal attachment of splenius capitis

A

mastoid process

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11
Q

prox attachment of splenius cervicis

A

lower C and upper T spinous processes

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12
Q

distal attachment of splenius cervicis

A

superior cervical transverse process

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13
Q

innervation of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis

A

dorsal rami

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14
Q

intrinsic back muscles (intermediate layer)

A

Erector spinae muscles

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15
Q

erector spinae muscles

A

1) . Iliocostalis
2) . Longissimus
3) . Spinalis

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16
Q

all erector spinae have how many parts?

A

3

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17
Q

what are the 3 parts of the Iliocostalis?

A

lumborum, thoracis, cervicis

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18
Q

what are the 3 parts of the longissimus?

A

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

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19
Q

what are the 3 parts of the spinalis?

A

thoracis, cervicis, capitis

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20
Q

origin of Iliocostalis

A

pelvis and lumbar spinous processes

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21
Q

insertion of Iliocostalis

A

ribs & lower cervical transverse processes

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22
Q

origin of longissimus

A

vertebral column spinous processes

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23
Q

intrinsic back muscles (deep layer)

A

1) . semispinalis
2) . multifidus
3) . Rotatores

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24
Q

intrinsic back muscles (deep layer) location?

A

“gutter” between spinous and transverse processes

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25
Q

what is the intrinsic deep layer also called?

A

Transversospinalis muscle group

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26
Q

what are the 3 parts of the semispinalis?

A

thoracis, cervicis, and capitis

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27
Q

origin of semispinalis

A

lower cervical & thoracic transverse processes

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28
Q

insertion of semispinalis

A

thoracic, cervical spinous processes & occipital/nuchal lines 4-6 segments above origin

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29
Q

3 parts of the multifidus

A

lumborum, thoracis, cervicis

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30
Q

where is multifidus largest?

A

lumborum lordotic curve

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31
Q

origin of multifidus

A

pelvis, lumber, thoracic, lower cervical transverse processes

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32
Q

insertion of multifidus

A

spinous process 2-4 segments above origin

33
Q

where are the rotatores mostly located?

A

thoracic region

34
Q

rotatores origin

A

transverse process of thoracic vert

35
Q

rotatores insertion

A

spinous process of lamina 1 (brevis) or 2 (longus) segements above origin

36
Q

muscles in the minor deep layer

A

1) . Interspinales
2) . Intertransversari cervicis; lumborum
3) . Levatores costarum, thoracicis

37
Q

unique feature of minor deep layer

A

cross 1 intervertebral joint

38
Q

what is the function of the minor deep layer?

A

stabilize vertebral column (posture)

39
Q

Interspinales attachments

A

spinous processes to spinous process

40
Q

Intertransversari attachments

A

transverse process to transverse process

41
Q

Levatores costarum/thoracicis attachment

A

thoracic transverse process -> adjacent rib

42
Q

what is the function of the Levatores costarum:thoracicis?

A

functions in respiration to assist in lifting the rib cage for inspiration

43
Q

Suboccipital muscles

A

1) . rectus capitis posterior major
2) . rectus capitis posterior minor
3) . obliquus capitis inferior
4) . Obliquus capitis superior

44
Q

innervation of all suboccipital muscles

A

suboccipital nerve (dorsal rami C1)

45
Q

Rectus capitis post major attachments

A

C2 spinous p -> occipital bone/lateral nuchal line

46
Q

Rectus capitis post min attachments

A

C1/post tubercle of posterior arch -> occipital bone/medial nuchal line

47
Q

Obliquus capitis inf attachments

A

C2/spinous process -> C1 transverse process

48
Q

Obliquus capitis superior attachments

A

C1/transverse process -> occipital bone/lateral nuchal lines

49
Q

Superior/medial boundary of the suboccipital triangle

A

rectus capitis post major

50
Q

Inferolateral boundary of the suboccipital triangle

A

obliquus capitis inf

51
Q

superolateral boundary of the suboccipital triangle

A

obliquus capitis superior

52
Q

Floor of the suboccipital triangle

A

post altanto-occipital membrane

53
Q

Roof of the suboccipital triangle

A

semispinalis capitis

54
Q

Suboccipital triangle contents

A

vertebral artery/vein and suboccipital nerve

55
Q

Nerves around the suboccipital triangle

A

Cutaneous nerves (greater occipital; lesser occipital; great auricular) dorsal rami of C3-C7

56
Q

layers of protective covering in the spinal cord

A

1) . epidural space
2) . dura mater
3) . arachnoid mater
4) . pia mater

57
Q

what is the epidural space?

A

lipid filled space between wall of vertebral canal and dura mater

58
Q

what is the dura mater layer?

A

CT membrane covering of spinal cord. Runs from foramen magnum to sacral hiatus. Also called dural sac.

59
Q

What is the dural sac?

A

continuous with epineurium, covering dorsal/ventral roots & spinal nerves; and dural covering of the brain

60
Q

what is between the dura mater and arachnoid mater?

A

subdural space/dura-arachnoid interface

61
Q

what is in the subdural space?

A

interstitial fluid

62
Q

what is the arachnoid mater?

A

CT membrane (thinner than dura) covering the spinal cord, roots, and dorsal root ganglion

63
Q

what is between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?

A

subarachnoid space

64
Q

what is in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF and CT traceculae connecting arachnoid and pia maters

65
Q

what is the pia mater?

A

thin, translucent, covering adhering to spinal cord

66
Q

2 components of pia mater in spine

A

1) . denticulate ligaments
2) . filum terminal

67
Q

what are the denticulate ligaments?

A

lateral sheets of pia running from sacrum to foramen magnum, attach laterally to the arachnoid and help hold the spinal cord in place

68
Q

what is the filum terminal?

A

an inferior continuation of pia connecting the conus medullaris to the coccyx

69
Q

length of spinal cord

A

2/3 of vert column. Runs from foramen magnum thru vert canal to level of L1/2 ending in the conus medullaris

70
Q

components of a spinal cord segment

A

dorsal root/dorsal root ganglion and ventral root. These exit the spinal cord then fuse to form proximal spinal nerves

71
Q

where do spinal nerves exit the vertebral column?

A

intervertebral foramena

72
Q

after spinal nerves exit how do they divide further?

A

distally in to ventral and dorsal rami

73
Q

how many spinal cord segments are there?

A

31 (8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal)

74
Q

how many total spinal nerves?

A

62 (all 31 are paired R/L)

75
Q

what is the cauda equina?

A

structure in lumbosacral vertebral canal consisting of roots from lumbosacral spinal cord segments

76
Q

what is the filum terminal?

A

continuation of pia matter attaching the conus meduallaris to the coccyx

77
Q

what are the main arteries supplying the spinal cord?

A

1) . vertebral, subclavian arteries
2) . intercostal arteries
3) . lumbar arteries
4) . lateral sacral arteries

78
Q

segmental branches from the main arteries form what?

A

longitudinal arteries that run anterior and posterior

79
Q

how many posterior spinal arteries are there?

A

2

Anatomy Test 2 (14 decks)

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